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Special Education Resources

July 22, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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State of Michigan

Eastern Michigan University streamlines special education program; provides faster path to graduation - EMU Today

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Four Year Institutions Offering Special Education Programs

  • Eastern Michigan University (EMU, Ypsilanti) — Strong K-12 Special Education BS endorsement programs (multiple categories like Cognitive Impairment, Emotional Impairment, Learning Disabilities). Offers undergraduate and graduate options.

    emich.edu

  • Michigan State University (MSU, East Lansing) — BA in Special Education with elementary certification + Learning Disabilities endorsement.

    education.msu.edu

  • Western Michigan University (WMU, Kalamazoo) — Expedited MA programs and bachelor’s/master’s in areas like Autism Spectrum Disorder, Emotional Impairment, Learning Disabilities.

    wmich.edu

  • Alma College (Alma) — BA in Special Education; expedited programs in Learning Disabilities, Cognitive Impairment, Emotional Impairment. Para-to-Pro pathway.

    alma.edu

  • Central Michigan University (CMU, Mount Pleasant) — Programs for Teachers of Students with Emotional Impairment (and others).

    cmich.smartcatalogiq.com

  • Ferris State University (Big Rapids) — Bachelor’s and master’s in special education (multiple endorsements).

    michigan.gov

  • Oakland University (Rochester) — Special Education endorsements (e.g., Emotional Impairment, Learning Disabilities, Autism).

    mdoe.state.mi.us

  • Wayne State University (Detroit) — Undergraduate/graduate special education with various specializations (Cognitive Impairment, etc.).

    specialeducationguide.com

  • University of Michigan-Flint — BS in Special Education.

    umflint.edu

  • Saginaw Valley State University — BA in Special Education.

    specialeducationguide.com

  • Concordia University (Ann Arbor) — Online options for endorsements (e.g., Learning Disabilities) or initial certification + master’s.

    onlineinfo.cuaa.edu

Others: Grand Valley State University, Northern Michigan University, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor/Dearborn, Madonna University, Spring Arbor University, etc.

Minnehaha County 605

July 22, 2026
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vcvcv

Augustana University | Minnehaha County South Dakota

A Midsummer Night’s Dream

July 22, 2026
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Unified English Braille

July 22, 2026
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Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

July 21, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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Edison electric vehicle | National Park Service, US Department of the Interior

Electrical power engineers know that it is unwise to imagine a totally electric mobility system in the mind’s eye of vertical incumbents, policy makers and trendsniffers.  That does not mean that, as licensed professionals, we cannot positively respond to the demand for more electric mobility on campuses and within school districts.

Today we run through current codes, standards and guides to make that power supply chain safe and sustainable.  Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

In addition to the “NEC canonicals” — listing, coupler heights, disconnect, grounding, voltage, ampacity and overcurrent protection that would likely be applied in a fleet enclosure, more specific passages are relevant when the charging stations are widely dispersed in exterior locations:

Article 225 Outside branch circuits and feeders

Article 625 Electric Vehicle Power Transfer System

We will deal with cable management, IEC 61851 titles, Level 1 & 2 equipment, load management, placement of charging stations at motor fuel dispensing installations and wireless charging systems in a separate session.

2026 National Electrical Code Workspace

NECA 413 Standard For Installing And Maintaining Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment

National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Standards and Requirements

Gallery: Electric Vehicle Fire Risk

Much like designing and building campus outdoor lighting systems, there are more site-related issues to be reckoned with.  For example:

  1. Charging infrastructure: One of the biggest space usage problems with EVs is the need for charging infrastructure. EV owners require access to charging stations in order to recharge their vehicles, and these charging stations can take up valuable space in public areas or campus parking structures that may require additional fire protection systems (that also require upgraded electrotechnologies.
  2. Battery storage: Another space usage issue with EVs is the need for battery storage. EV batteries are large and heavy, and require adequate storage space for safe and secure disposal at the end of their life cycle.
  3. Vehicle size: Many EVs are larger and heavier than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, which can create space usage problems in urban areas where parking and road space is limited.
  4. Recycling infrastructure: As EVs become more common, the need for specialized recycling infrastructure for EV components, including batteries, motors, and electronics, is likely to increase. These facilities require additional space and resources to safely and efficiently process and recycle these components.

Addressing these space usage problems will require a combination of policy interventions, technological innovations, and public awareness campaigns to promote the benefits and potential of EVs while minimizing their environmental impact and spatial footprint.

Electric Vehicle Energy Management

Electric Vehicle Regulatory Reference Guide

Electric Vehicle Open Charge Point Protocol

Campus Transportation & Parking System Design

IBC Electrical (Outdoor Lighting)

§ 1107.2 Electrical Vehicle Charging Stations

Drivers and Barriers to Implementation of Connected, Automated, Shared, and Electric Vehicles

Standard for Parking Structures

 

2029 National Electrical Code Panel 12

July 21, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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Ahead of the September-October First Draft Meetings in Redondo Beach California, we sort through the proposals related to electric vehicle safety and sustainability.

Public Input Report (546 pages)

From our perspective the omissions are probably more interesting than the inclusions:

  • No discussion of maintenance bays servicing high-voltage traction batteries.
  • No discussion of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) installations on campuses; or off-campus housing with merchant utility services.
  • No discussion of shared charging yards used jointly by universities and municipal transit agencies.
  • No discussion of fleet maintenance worker clearances around energized traction systems.

We are spread pretty thin and Mike’s reassignment by IEEE to CMP-3 limits the time for getting topics like these discussed.



We shall see the results of the First Draft meetings. If Standards Michigan – or the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee were looking ahead we might consider proposals addressing:

  • Electrical design guidance for large educational fleet charging depots. (An authoritative title pulling together concepts from other standards catalogs)
  • Coordination between Article 625 and school bus maintenance facilities.
  • Service disconnecting and emergency shutdown arrangements for campus charging yards.
  • Arc-flash and maintenance access requirements unique to fleet charging equipment.
  • Load-management systems serving university transportation departments.
  • Cross-references to NFPA 70B for maintenance of campus EV charging infrastructure.
  • Guidance for campuses that operate both transit buses and public charging facilities.

Even if it means submitting proposals to the ICC, ASHRAE, SAE or other standards development organizations.

Campus Micromobility

Electric Vehicle Charging

July 21, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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GROUP A MODEL BUILDING CODES: Comments on Committee Actions will be received until July 8th

International Building Code Chapter 4, Section 406.2.7

Edison electric vehicle | National Park Service, US Department of the Interior

 

Free public access to the 2021 edition of the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) is linked below:

2021 International Energy Conservation Code

 

Electric vehicle charging stations are addressed in the 2024 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) within two specific appendices:

Appendix RE: This appendix provides detailed requirements for electric vehicle charging infrastructure, focusing on both residential and commercial buildings. It includes definitions and infrastructure standards to ensure that new constructions are equipped to support electric vehicle charging​

Appendix CG: This appendix offers guidance on electric vehicle power transfer and charging infrastructure, emphasizing the integration of EV-ready requirements into building designs. It outlines the necessary provisions for installing and managing EV charging stations, ensuring compliance with energy conservation standards​

.These appendices are part of the broader efforts to incorporate EV infrastructure into building codes, promoting energy efficiency and supporting the transition to electric vehicles.

Recharging infrastructure at at Google’s Mountain View (California) campus | Pretty ugly, eh?

“Gas” 1940 Edward Hopper

This standard will be updated within a reconfigured code development cycle linked below:

2024/2025/2026 ICC CODE DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE

Keep in mind that many electric vehicle safety and sustainability concepts will track in other titles in the ICC catalog.   It is enlightening to see other energy related proposals tracking in the most recent Group A code revision cycle

The following proposals discussed during the Group A Hearings ended earlier this month are noteworthy:

IBC § 202 (NEW) | G66-21 |  Electrical mobility definitions

IBC § 1107.2, et al | E124-21 & E125-21 & E126-21 |  Electrical vehicle charging stations for R-2 occupancies.

From the Group B revision cycle — COMPLETE MONOGRAPH:

R309.6 Electric vehicle charging stations and systems. Where provided, electric vehicle charging systems shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70. Electric vehicle charging system equipment shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2202. Electric vehicle supply equipment shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2594.

IBC 406.2.7 Electric vehicle charging stations and systems. Where provided, electric vehicle charging systems shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70. Electric vehicle charging system equipment shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2202. Electric vehicle supply equipment shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2594. Accessibility to electric vehicle charging stations shall be provided in accordance with Section 1108.

TABLE R328.5 MAXIMUM AGGREGATE RATINGS OF ESS (Energy Storage Systems) – PDF Page 1476

Incumbents are socking in EV concepts all across the ICC catalog.  We refer them to experts in the Industrial Applications Society IEEE E&H Committee.

 

 

One of the more spirited debates in recent revision cycles is the following:

Who shall pay for electrical vehicle charging infrastructure?   

The underlying assumption is that the electrification of the global transportation grid has a net benefit.   We remain mute on that question; the question of net gain.

Of course, many proposals pointed the finger at the stakeholder with the deepest pockets.  Accordingly, new commercial building owners will be required to install charging stations for new buildings.   During 2018 and 2019 we tracked the action in the workspace below so that we could collaborate with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee:

2021 Electric Vehicle Infrastructure

Given that most higher education facilities are classified as commercial, the cost of charging stations will be conveyed into the new building construction budget unless the unit takes an exception.   Generally speaking, most colleges and universities like to display their electric vehicle credentials, even if the use of such charging stations remains sparse.

Cornell University

Issue: [11-40]

Category: Electrical, #SmartCampus

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey

* The education industry has significant square footage this is classified as residential; particularly on the periphery of large research campuses.

LEARN MORE:

ICC 2021/2022 Code Development Cycle

The Top 5 Energy Efficiency Proposals for the 2021 IECC

Archive / IECC Electric Vehicle Charging

 

Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Study

July 21, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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Edison electric vehicle | National Park Service, US Department of the Interior

We present two research reports funded by the Michigan Office of Future Mobility & Electrification to establish the broad contours of a build out of charging infrastructure to support Michigan economic activity:

Part 1: August 2025.  The report is principally about public EV charging infrastructure for passenger vehicles—where chargers should be located, grid readiness, consumer adoption, and statewide deployment. It does not appear to devote significant discussion to electric school buses or K–12 transportation fleets.  The report repeatedly identifies the University of Michigan and Michigan State University as participants in Michigan’s EV ecosystem, charging research, workforce development, and mobility initiatives.

Part 2: February 2026  This phase of the project is principally an optimization study for upscaling EV penetration and asks the following questions:

  • Which charging stations should be built first?
  • Which can wait?
  • Where should public investment be concentrated?
  • How can stranded investment be avoided during early adoption?

Given that the technical specifics have stabilized over the past 5 t0 10 years, the Standards Michigan raison d’être  requires turning attention to state specific institutional ownership models.  Specifically:

  • university-owned and operated;
  • parking authority-owned;
  • electric utility-owned;
  • third-party concessionaire;
  • public-private partnership;
  • donor-funded demonstration projects;
  • research installations;
  • fleet-only facilities versus public access.

From the perspective of Standards Michigan, that is where the next frontier lies. The engineering standards are approaching maturity. The unresolved standards are becoming institutional standards—the policies, accounting practices, procurement models, utility tariffs, and governance frameworks that determine whether EV infrastructure remains a mission-supporting asset or becomes a long-term financial liability.  These questions will occupy university trustees and facilities executives for the next twenty-odd years.  Some of the back-and-forth on this aspect tracks in our coverage of the building codes:

Electric Vehicle Charging

 

 

Easy Greek Salad

July 20, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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West Virginia University Financial Statement 2024 | $1.234B

The Recipe

Standards West Virginia

Related:

Fruit Smoothie

 

Kitchen Café

July 20, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com

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Standards Arizona

MARICOPA COUNTY WEATHER

Starbucks, ASU partner on new research and rapid innovation facility | ASU News

 

Net Position 2025: $2.540B (Page 28)

Capital Programs | Philanthropy | Facilities

 

Cafe counter with "The Kitchen" sign, digital display, and glass door leading to a dining area with images of fruits and vegetables on the walls.

New $400M Residential Complex Tempe Campus | Unnamed Third Party Developer


 

Joseph Stalin is often credited with observing that “those who cast the votes decide nothing; those who count the votes decide everything.” The remark underscores that the integrity of tabulation, not merely turnout, determines outcomes.

In Maricopa County this insight resonates because the jurisdiction’s sheer scale (roughly 60% of Arizona’s voters), heavy reliance on mail ballots, signature verification, and multi-day counting routinely produce delayed results in razor-close races. After 2020, when Biden’s narrow statewide margin hinged on the county, intense scrutiny fell on the counting process itself—printer malfunctions, curing procedures, equipment audits, and the controversial Cyber Ninjas review.

Compounding this is the concentration of a large, predominantly Democratic-leaning student population at Arizona State University in Tempe. This sizable demographic bloc can shift close countywide margins, making the precise counting and verification of their (often mail or early) ballots a focal point of contention and further illustrating why control of the tabulation process becomes decisive in high-stakes contests.

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