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Military Weddings

August 4, 2025
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McEwan Hall

August 4, 2025
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Writing Headlines

August 4, 2025
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General Conditions of the Construction Contract

August 4, 2025
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International Code Council: Current Code Development Cycle 2024-2026

International Building Code: Chapter 1 Scope and Administration

There are five key components needed to address in each construction contract as a protection against litigation in an industry that is rich in possibilities.
  • Scope of the project. …
  • Total cost and payment requirements. …
  • Project timeline. …
  • Lien law protection. …
  • Dispute resolution.

Today at the usual hour we examine a few representative contracts:

List of all current AIA Contract Documents

University of Michigan Standard General Conditions

Wayne State University Supplementary Conditions of Construction

Princeton University: General Terms & Conditions for Construction Contracts

Universities Wisconsin: General Conditions of the Contract for Construction

The cost of compliance with general conditions in a typical construction project can vary widely depending on factors like project size, complexity, location, and specific requirements. General conditions refer to the indirect costs that support the project—things like project management, temporary facilities, safety measures, and administrative expenses—not the direct costs of labor, materials, or equipment tied to physical construction.

In percentage terms, general conditions typically account for 5% to 15% of the total project cost, with most projects falling in the 5% to 10% range for standard residential or commercial builds. Smaller projects might see percentages closer to or exceeding 10% because fixed costs (like a site trailer or a project manager’s time) don’t scale down as much as direct costs. Larger, more complex projects—like industrial or infrastructure work—might trend toward the lower end (5% or less) since direct costs dominate, diluting the relative impact of general conditions. For example, a $300,000 residential project might allocate $15,000 to $30,000 (5% to 10%) for general conditions, while a $10 million commercial project could see $500,000 or less (5%) if efficiencies kick in.

Related:

Methods of Building Measurement

Global Consistency in Presenting Construction & Life Cycle Costs

Higher Education Estates Management Report 2023

Modular Classrooms

Planning, Design & Construction Team

Architecture and Aesthetic Education

How Blockchain Will Change Construction

Carnegie Classifications

Design Age Institute

“Mainely” Potato Salad & Wild Blueberry Pie

August 2, 2025
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Standards Maine

Wild Blueberry Pie


School Bus Safety Standards

August 1, 2025
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Bibliography: America’s Harvard Problem

August 1, 2025
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By the Numbers. The University of Michigan has a larger reported total workforce (53,000–55,000) compared to Harvard (26,000–30,000).   Harvard endowment began in 1638 and is $56 billion.  The University of Michigan endowment began in 1826 and is $21 billion.

U.S. Department of Education Initiates Records Request from Harvard University After Discovering Inaccurate Foreign Financial Disclosures


Foreign Donations to Harvard University

There is substantial public information available on foreign donations (gifts and contracts) to Harvard University, primarily through mandatory disclosures under Section 117 of the Higher Education Act. This U.S. federal law requires universities receiving federal financial aid to report foreign-source gifts and contracts valued at $250,000 or more annually to the U.S. Department of Education (ED). The data is publicly accessible, though the original searchable portal was decommissioned in 2024, and it’s now provided via downloadable spreadsheets.

Official U.S. Department of Education Resources

The primary source for comprehensive, official data on foreign gifts and contracts (including those to Harvard) is the ED’s Section 117 Foreign Gift and Contract Data page. It includes spreadsheets with self-reported data from institutions, covering historical and recent reports (e.g., updates as recent as October 2024 and beyond).

Additional ED announcements and reports often reference Harvard, such as:

Harvard has faced scrutiny, investigations, and demands for records from the ED (including in 2020 and renewed in 2025), with reports of underreporting or incomplete disclosures in the past.

Key Findings from Reports and Analyses

Harvard is one of the largest recipients of foreign funding among U.S. universities. Highlights from Department of Education data and media analyses include:

  • Since January 2020, Harvard received over $151 million from foreign governments alone (e.g., significant amounts from the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Bangladesh).
  • Historical totals: Over $1 billion from foreign sources between 2013–2019, and continued large inflows (e.g., $218 million since January 2022 in one period).
  • Top contributing countries often include England (largest overall, mostly individual gifts), China, Hong Kong, Switzerland, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and others.
  • Concerns have focused on potential influence from countries like China, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia, amid national security discussions.

Reliable Reporting from The Harvard Crimson

The Harvard Crimson (Harvard’s student newspaper) frequently analyzes ED data:

Other Reliable Sources

Note that while the ED data is the authoritative source, it relies on university self-reporting, and there have been ongoing debates about completeness (e.g., contracts for executive education or publications may be included). For the most up-to-date raw data, check the ED spreadsheets directly, as figures can be updated retroactively. If you’re looking for specifics on a country (e.g., Qatar or China) or time period, feel free to ask for more targeted details!


CASE IQ: Harvard University

 

LIVE: 91.3 FM Cal Poly Student Radio

August 1, 2025
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“Radio is the perfect medium for communication.
It is instantaneous, and unlike television,
it allows you to use your imagination.”
-Guglielmo Marconi

CLICK IMAGE TO START LIVESTREAM

Radio 400

Kindergarten

August 1, 2025
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International Building Code: Group A Model Building Codes: 2024/2025/2026 Development Cycle

 

“One Hundred Children Playing in the Spring” | Su Hanchen 蘇漢臣

Safety and sustainability for any facility begins with an understanding of who shall occupy the built environment and how.  University settings, with mixed-use phenomenon arising spontaneously and temporarily, often present challenges.   Educational communities are a convergent settings for families; day care facilities among them.  First principles regarding occupancy classifications for day care facilities appear in Section 308 of the International Building Code, Institutional Group I; linked below:

Section 308 | International Building Code

The ICC Institutional Group I-4 classification includes buildings and structures occupied by more than five persons of any age who received custodial care for fewer than 24 hours per day by persons other than parents or guardian, relatives by blood, marriage or adoption, and in a place other than the home of the person cared far.  This group includes both adult and child day care.

We maintain focus on child day care.  Many educational communities operate child day care enterprises for both academic study and/or as auxiliary (university employee benefit) enterprises.

Princeton University Child Care Center

Each of the International Code Council code development groups fetch back to a shared understanding of the nature of the facility; character of its occupants and prospective usage patterns.

The Group B developmental cycle ended in December 2019.  The 2021 revision of the International Building code is in production now, though likely slowed down because of the pandemic.   Ahead of the formal, market release of the Group B tranche of titles, you can sample the safety concepts in play during this revision with an examination of the documents linked below:

2019 GROUP B PROPOSED CHANGES TO THE I-CODES ALBUQUERQUE COMMITTEE ACTION HEARINGS

2019 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ACTION HEARINGS ON THE 2018 EDITIONS OF THE GROUP B INTERNATIONAL CODES

Search on the terms “day care” and “daycare” to get a sample of the prevailing concepts; use of such facilities as storm shelters, for example.

“The Country School” | Winslow Homer

We encourage our safety and sustainability colleagues to participate directly in the ICC Code Development process.   We slice horizontally through the disciplinary silos (“incumbent verticals”) created by hundreds of consensus product developers every week and we can say, upon considerable authority that the ICC consensus product development environment is one of the best in the world.  Privately developed standards (for use by public agencies) is a far better way to discover and promulgate leading practice than originating technical specifics from legislative bodies.   CLICK HERE to get started.  Contact Kimberly Paarlberg (kpaarlberg@iccsafe.org) for more information.

There are competitor consensus products in this space — Chapter 18 Day-Care Occupancies in NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code, for example; a title we maintain the standing agenda of our Model Building Code teleconferences.   It is developed from a different pool of expertise under a different due process regime.   See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.

 

Issue: [18-166]

Category: Architectural, Healthcare Facilities, Facility Asset Management

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Richard Robben


Several names for this occupancy class:

  1. Nursery
  2. Crèche
  3. Playgroup
  4. Montessori
  5. Preschool
  6. Kindergarten
  7. Childcare
  8. Toddler group
  9. Daycare
  10. Early learning center

A Study of Children’s Password Practices

 

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