Electrical Safety

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Electrical Safety

December 30, 2025
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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Starting 2025 — and continuing through 2026 — we change our approach to responding to public consultation in the development of the NFPA catalog.  Draft proposals are listed at the bottom of this page.

NFPA 70 National Electrical Code

2029 Public Input Closing Date: April 9, 2026
NFPA 70B Standard for Electrical Equipment Maintenance

Second Draft Comment Closing Date: January 3, 2025
NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace

Public Input Closing Date: June  4, 2025

NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code

Public Input Closing Date: June 4, 2025

NFPA 78 Guide on Electrical Inspections

Public Input Closing Date: June 4, 2025

NFPA 79 Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery

Public Comment Closing Date: January 6, 2026

NFPA 110 Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems

Public Input Closing Date: June 4, 2025

NFPA 111 Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems

Public Input Closing Date: June 4, 2025

NFPA 730 Guide for Premises Security

NITMAM Close Date October 31, 2025

NFPA 731 Standard for the Installation of Premises Security Systems

NITMAM Close Date October 31, 2025

NFPA 780 Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems

NITMAM Close Date March 27, 2025

NFPA 855 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems

NITMAM Close Date March 27, 2025

NFPA 1078 Standard for Electrical Inspector Professional Qualifications

Public input June 4, 2025

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NFPA 101 Life Safety Code § UpCodes Free Access (Michigan 2012)

Means of Egress | Chapter 7

 First Draft (167 pages)

NFPA 70 National Electrical Code §  Upcodes Free Access (Michigan 2023)

Elevators | Article 620

Second Draft Report

National Electrical Definitions

Electric Vehicle Power Transfer System

Hospital Plug Load

Stationary Energy Storage Systems

Luminaires, Lampholders, and Lamps

Data Center Wiring

Electric Service Metering & Billing

Information & Communication Technology Cabling

Reconditioned Electrical Equipment

Landscape Lighting

Solarvoltaic PV Systems

Arenas, Lecture Halls & Theaters

Campus Electric Bulk Distribution

Farm Electrical Power

Marina & Boatyard Electrical Safety

Pool, Fountain, Agriculture & Water Infrastructure Electrical Safety

Lightning Protection Systems

Kitchen Wiring

Interconnected Electric Power Production Sources “Microgrids”

Outdoor Deicing & Snow Melting

NFPA 72

Definitions. 3.3.89 Dormitory Suite (NEW)

Here are 10 possible definitions or terms for college student housing facilities shared by 4 to 6 unrelated students:
  1. Dormitory Suite: A shared living space within a dormitory building, featuring individual or shared bedrooms, a common living area, and sometimes a small kitchen or bathroom, designed for 4–6 students.
  2. Apartment-Style Housing: On-campus or off-campus apartments with multiple bedrooms, a shared kitchen, living room, and bathroom(s), accommodating 4–6 students.
  3. Cooperative Housing (Co-op): A student-managed housing unit where 4–6 unrelated students share responsibilities for chores, cooking, and maintenance while living together in a house or apartment.
  4. Shared Residence Hall Unit: A section of a residence hall with private or semi-private bedrooms and shared common areas like a lounge or kitchen, housing 4–6 students.
  5. Cluster Housing: A group of bedrooms clustered around a shared living space, often including a kitchenette or bathroom, designed for 4–6 students in a residence hall or apartment complex.
  6. Pod-Style Housing: A modern dorm layout where 4–6 students share a compact unit with individual or paired bedrooms, a common area, and shared facilities like a bathroom or kitchen.
  7. Student Townhouse: A multi-level housing unit, typically off-campus or in university-owned complexes, with shared living spaces and multiple bedrooms for 4–6 students.
  8. Quad or Hex Apartment: An apartment specifically designed for 4 (quad) or 6 (hex) students, featuring shared amenities like a kitchen, living room, and bathroom(s).
  9. Communal House: An off-campus house leased by 4–6 students, with shared spaces like a living room, kitchen, and bathrooms, often independently rented but sometimes university-affiliated.
  10. Living-Learning Community Unit: A shared housing arrangement for 4–6 students in a residence hall, centered around a specific academic or thematic focus, with shared common areas to foster collaboration.
These definitions reflect common housing arrangements for unrelated college students, based on typical university housing structures and off-campus options.

Should show up in NFPA 101 and referral to them is appreciated.

Annex G.

Settlement.

 

Campus Fire Pump Network.

 

NFPA 110/111

 

NFPA 78 and 1078

International Zoning Code

December 30, 2025
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2025 Group B Proposed Changes to IZC | Complete Monograph for Changes to I-Codes (2630 pages)

National Association of County Engineers

The purpose of the code is to establish minimum requirements to provide a reasonable level of health, safety, property protection and welfare by controlling the design, location, use or occupancy of all buildings and structures through the regulated and orderly development of land and land uses within this jurisdiction.

CLICK IMAGE

Municipalities usually have specific land use or zoning considerations to accommodate the unique needs and characteristics of college towns:

  1. Mixed-Use Zoning: Cities with colleges and universities often employ mixed-use zoning strategies to encourage a vibrant and diverse urban environment. This zoning approach allows for a combination of residential, commercial, and institutional uses within the same area, fostering a sense of community and facilitating interactions between students, faculty, and residents.
  2. Height and Density Restrictions: Due to the presence of educational institutions, cities may have specific regulations on building height and density to ensure compatibility with the surrounding neighborhoods and maintain the character of the area. These restrictions help balance the need for development with the preservation of the existing urban fabric.
  3. Student Housing: Cities with colleges and universities may have regulations or guidelines for student housing to ensure an adequate supply of affordable and safe accommodations for students. This can
    include requirements for minimum bedroom sizes, occupancy limits, and proximity to campus.
  4. Parking and Transportation: Given the concentration of students, faculty, and staff, parking and transportation considerations are crucial. Cities may require educational institutions to provide parking facilities or implement transportation demand management strategies, such as promoting public transit use, cycling infrastructure, and pedestrian-friendly designs.
  5. Community Engagement: Some cities encourage colleges and universities to engage with the local community through formalized agreements or community benefit plans. These may include commitments to support local businesses, contribute to neighborhood improvement projects, or provide educational and cultural resources to residents.

This is a relatively new title in the International Code Council catalog; revised every three years in the Group B tranche of titles.  Search on character strings such as “zoning” in the link below reveals the ideas that ran through the current revision:

Complete Monograph: 2022 Proposed Changes to Group B I-Codes (1971 pages)

We maintain it on our periodic I-Codes colloquia, open to everyone.  Proposals for the 2026 revision will be received until January 10, 2025.

2024/2025/2026 ICC CODE DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE

We maintain it on our periodic I-Codes colloquia, open to everyone with the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

The City Rises (La città che sale) | 1910 Umberto Boccioni


Related:

“What Happens When Data Centers Come to Town”

Signs, Signs, Signs

  1. Reed v. Town of Gilbert (2015): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to the town of Gilbert, Arizona’s sign code, which regulated the size, location, and duration of signs based on their content. The court held that the sign code was a content-based restriction on speech and therefore subject to strict scrutiny.
  2. City of Ladue v. Gilleo (1994): In this Supreme Court case, the court struck down a municipal ordinance that banned the display of signs on residential property, except for signs that fell within specific exemptions. The court held that the ban was an unconstitutional restriction on the freedom of speech.
  3. Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego (1981): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to a San Diego ordinance that banned off-premises advertising signs while allowing on-premises signs. The court held that the ordinance was an unconstitutional restriction on free speech, as it discriminated against certain types of speech.
  4. City of Ladue v. Center for the Study of Responsive Law, Inc. (1980): In this Supreme Court case, the court upheld a municipal ordinance that prohibited the display of signs on public property, but only if the signs were posted for longer than 10 days. The court held that the ordinance was a valid time, place, and manner restriction on speech.
  5. City of Boerne v. Flores (1997): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to a municipal sign code that regulated the size, location, and content of signs in the city. The court held that the sign code violated the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, as it burdened the exercise of religion without a compelling government interest.

 

Hegemon Essex & Hauts-de-Seine Counties

December 30, 2025
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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Square D was founded in 1902 in Detroit, Michigan, by Bryson Dexter Horton and James B. McCarthy as McBride Manufacturing Company, focusing on electrical fuses. By 1908, it became Detroit Fuse and Manufacturing, adopting the iconic “Square D” logo—a “D” in a square—reflecting its Detroit roots.

Renamed Square D in 1917, the company pioneered safety switches and circuit breakers, growing significantly with 18,500 employees and $1.65 billion in sales by 1991. That year, after a competitive 10-week bidding process, French multinational Groupe Schneider S.A. acquired Square D for $2.23 billion, raising its offer from $1.96 billion to $88 per share.

The acquisition, approved by Square D’s board and the U.S. Justice Department, made Schneider Electric the world’s largest electrical distribution equipment manufacturer, integrating Square D’s innovative products into its global energy management portfolio.

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Hegemon Cuyahoga & County Dublin

December 30, 2025
mike@standardsmichigan.com

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Financial Presentations & Webcasts

2025 Third Quarter Report

Here we shift our perspective 120 degrees to understand the point of view of the Producer interest in the American national standards system (See ANSI Essential Requirements).  The title of this post draws from the location of US and European headquarters.  We list proposals by a successful electrical manufacturer for discussion during today’s colloquium:

2026 National Electrical Code

CMP-1: short circuit current ratings, connections with copper cladded aluminum conductors, maintenance to be provided by OEM, field markings

CMP-2: reconditioned equipment, receptacles in accessory buildings, GFCI & AFCI protection, outlet placement generally, outlets for outdoor HVAC equipment(1)

(1) Here we would argue that if a pad mount HVAC unit needs service with tools that need AC power once every 5-10 years then the dedicated branch circuit is not needed.  Many campuses have on-site, full-time staff that can service outdoor pad mounted HVAC equipment without needing a nearby outlet.  One crew — two electricians — will run about $2500 per day to do anything on campus.

CMP-3: No proposals

CMP-4: solar voltaic systems (1)

(1) Seems reasonable – spillover outdoor night time lighting effect upon solar panel charging should be identified.

CMP-5: Administrative changes only

CMP-6: No proposals

CMP-7: Distinction between “repair” and “servicing”

CMP-8: Reconditioned equipment

CMP-9: Reconditioned equipment

CMP-10: Short circuit ratings, service disconnect, disconnect for meters, transformer secondary conductor, secondary conductor taps, surge protective devices, disconnecting means generally, spliced and tap conductors, more metering safety, 1200 ampere threshold for arc reduction technology, reconditioned surge equipment shall not be permitted, switchboard short circuit ratings

CMP-11: Lorem

CMP-12: Lorem

CMP-13: Lorem

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Colloquy (December)

December 29, 2025
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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Child Enrichment Center | Beaufort County South Carolina | Mike Anthony’s cousin Laura — retired from the public schools — works with the children here now.


Open agenda; Not Too Organized. Whatever anyone wants to talk about.  We meet once a month like this.  Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

Winter Hours at our Eisenhower Office: 8:30 AM – 4:00 PM

Join us for lunch 11:45 AM – 1:15 PM every Third Wednesday | University of Michigan Business School Executive Dining Room

(November 2025 Update: While the Dining Room is undergoing renovation we meet at the Olive Garden next to our office)

In March 2026 we starting meeting for lunch at the UM Golf Course Grill

University of Michigan Colleagues; some since 1982


 

Gimnazija Kranj Slovenia

Horologiorum

December 29, 2025
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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“Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May” John Herrick | John William Waterhouse

“The Sound of Noon” on the Charlottesville Campus

University of New Hampshire

Westminster Chimes at Rockefeller Memorial Chapel

University of Michigan

Hayes Clock Tower

Ars Sonora Bell Tower

Western University Ontario

Trinity College

Mississippi State University

南洋華僑中學

Shelton State Community College Alabama

Winona State University

Oklahoma City Community College

University of Illinois

Bucknell University Pennsylvania

St. Francis Xavier College Missouri

University of Mississippi

University of North Dakota

University of Montana

Gardner-Webb University North Carolina

University of California Berkeley

Auburn University Alabama

 

Indiana University

Sam Houston State University Texas

Otago University New Zealand

Hillsdale College Michigan


More

ISO 8601:2004 Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of dates and times

National Institute of Science & Technology: Time and Frequency

National Institute of Science & Technology: Current Reliability of the WWVB Time Code

NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm & Signaling Code Chapter 23: Protected Premises Alarm and Signaling Systems

The Year Ahead 2025

December 26, 2025
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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“Chance favors the prepared mind.”
— Louis Pasteur

Today at 16:00 UTC

The Year Ahead 2026

 

Agenda

Technical:

Respond to client queries and retainers

Prepare new proposals for the NFPA 2029 National Electrical Code

Prepare comments on the IEEE 2028 National Electrical Safety Code

Recap of activity in the ISO and IEC catalogs.  We are members of Healthcare Management.  We coordinate our responses to IEC CDV’s with IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee.

2025 “Wins” and “Losses”

“Wins”: All of the references to IEEE research and recommended practices that appear in electrical related titles in the NFPA catalog are the result of Standards Michigan advocacy in collaboration with the IEEE

“Losses”: Persist in getting Article 210 (Soon to be in Chapter 1) 180 VA per outlet requirement down to 150 VA instead of 120 VA in the ASHRAE suite from an energy conservation perspective.  This will be the most meaningful and transformative code “win” since our 2014 code “win” in 2014 NEC Section 220.12.

Expansion of user-interest advocacy for the 2028 IEEE National Electrical Safety Code.

Follow up driving electrical safety concepts into the ASHRAE and ICC catalog that cannot, or will not, be incorporated into the NFPA catalog

Continue driving IEEE best practice literature into the NFPA, ASHRAE and IEEE catalog

Electric service reliability data gathering for point of common coupling of merchant utilities and schools, colleges, universities with emphasis on large health care systems.  (Bob Arno’s IEEE 493 Gold Book update)

Break out coverage of ASHRAE 90.1 in its entirety in a dedicated content management system now that its scope includes outside/between buildings.

Break out coverage of Chapter 27 (Electrical) of the International Building Code as a “pivot” or “anchor” post for other relevant titles in the ICC catalog.

10-year retrospective on the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee at the May Technical Conference in Montreal

Administrative:

Expansion of our unaccredited for-profit educational mission to Michigan school districts, colleges, universities, trade schools.  In the normal course of business we present educational opportunities to faculty and students administered by ANSI, ASME, AWS, ACI, ICC, IEC, IEEE, IEEE, NIST, SAE and others.  List of Faculty & Student Standards Education Resources

New signage at our State Street office

Rollout the platform to at least two more states — we have only one now.

Re-organize web pages to track IEEE, NFPA, ASHRAE, ICC, CSA Group and TIA catalog action more effectively.  ASTM and UL catalogs remain “problematic” because their titles are so deeply embedded in products and less so in systems.

List of ANSI Accredited Standards Developers

List of US TAGS to the ISO

USNA IEC

Other:

Our thanks for the collegiality and wisdom of Larry Spielvogel as he enters retirement

Continued mentorship of electrical engineering students in the IEEE Southeastern Michigan Section.  Introduction to mentorship partner Nathan from private industry.

Social Page Rollout: Engagements, Weddings & Births

A few of the University’s Electrical Engineers

 

The Year Ahead: 2024

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