Avinu Malkeinu(“Our Father, Our King”) is a Jewish prayer associated especially with Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur and the Days of Awe. Its short petitions address God alternately as compassionate parent and sovereign judge, asking for forgiveness, mercy, healing, sustenance and a good year. Repeated congregational responses give the prayer unusual musical power. Many settings exist, but Max Janowski’s twentieth-century arrangement has become particularly familiar to American Jewish congregations and concert choirs.
Abstract. Insights into the history and future of western civilization are found by applying information theory to the acoustical communication channel (ACC) of its worship spaces. Properties of the ACC have both influenced and reflected the choice of message coding (e.g., speech or music) at various times. Speech coding is efficient for acoustically dry ACCs, but hopeless for highly time-dispersive ACCs. Music coding is appropriate for time dispersive (reverberant) ACCs. The ACCs of synagogues, early Christian house churches, and many Protestant churches are relatively acoustically “dry” and thus well suited to spoken liturgies.
The spoken liturgy, dominant in synagogues, was carried over to early Christian churches, but became unworkable in Constantinian cathedrals and was largely replaced with a musical liturgy. After a millennium, the cathedral acoustic was altered to suit the doctrinal needs of reformation churches with its renewed emphasis on the spoken word. Worship forms continue to change, and the changes are reflected in the properties of the ACC. The pulpits of electronic churches may be evolving into radio and television performance spaces and naves into worshipers’ living rooms.
The founding of many education communities is inspired by faith communities. In many of them the place of worship was the very first building. College and university chapels are central places of worship for students, staff and faculty, and provide a space for solitude and reflection. A place for feeling at home in the world.
There are several hundred technical standards, or parts of standards, that govern how churches and chapels are made safe and sustainable. Owing to innovations in construction, operation and management methods, those standards move, ever so slightly, on a near-daily basis. They are highly interdependent; confounded by county-level adaptations; and impossible to harmonize by adoption cycle. That movement tracked here as best we can within the limit of our resources and priorities. That’s why it’s best to simply click into our daily colloquia if you have a question or need guidance.
Richard Miniter observes that the United States was founded as four distinct religious utopias, each originating from different regions and historical periods in England (and the broader British Isles). These groups, shaped by conflicts like the English Civil War, brought competing visions of society, governance, and faith that continue to influence American culture and politics today.1. New England Puritans (from East Anglia): Strict, communal Calvinists seeking a “city upon a hill” with moral oversight and collective piety.
2. Cavalier culture in Virginia and the South (from southwest England): Hierarchical, Anglican/Royalist tradition emphasizing order, honor, and aristocratic values.
3. Middle States (influenced by the West Midlands): More tolerant, pluralistic Quaker and other nonconformist approaches fostering commerce and individual liberty.
4. Appalachian borderlands (from the English-Scottish border): Scots-Irish Presbyterian folkways stressing independence, martial honor, and anti-authoritarian egalitarianism.These enduring subcultures create ongoing tensions over freedom, authority, and religion in America.
Today is the Feast of Corpus Christi.
The 13th century Eucharistic chant of Ave verum corpus was set to music by Mozart in 1791 to be sung especially to celebrate the feast day.
The image criteria of our WordPress theme does not permit many images of college and university chapels to be shown fully-dimensioned on sliders or widget galleries. We reproduce a few of the outsized images here and leave the complexities of financing, designing, building and maintaining of them in a safe and sustainable manner for another day. CLICK HERE for the links to our Sacred Space Standards workspace.
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yet we must work to ensure that it does not divide us.”
— Guglielmo Marconi
When the electric grid and the internet are down and there is no cell service, radio can still work to help communities stabilize. Starting 2024 we will break down our coverage of the radio frequency technology standards used in educational settlements into into two categories:
Radio 300: Security and maintenance radio. These usually use a single radio channel and operate in a half-duplex mode: only one user on the channel can transmit at a time, so users in a user group must take turns talking. The radio is normally in receive mode so the user can hear all other transmissions on the channel. When the user wants to talk he presses a “push-to-talk” button, which turns off the receiver and turns on the transmitter; when he releases the button the receiver is activated again. Multiple channels are provided so separate user groups can communicate in the same area without interfering with each other.
As of this posting APCO International has no public consultations on any titles in its public safety radio standards catalog.
Radio 400: Student radio. College radio stations are typically considered to be public radio radio stations in the way that they are funded by donation and grants. The term “Public radio” generally refers to classical music, jazz, and news. A more accurate term is community radio, as most staff are volunteers, although many radio stations limit staff to current or recent students instead of anyone from the local community. There has been a fair amount of drama over student-run radio station history; a topic we steer away from.
The Low Power FM radio service was created by the Commission in January 2000. LPFM stations are authorized for noncommercial educational broadcasting only (no commercial operation) and operate with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100 watts (0.1 kilowatts) or less, with maximum facilities of 100 watts ERP at 30 meters (100 feet) antenna height above average terrain. The approximate service range of a 100 watt LPFM station is 5.6 kilometers (3.5 miles radius). LPFM stations are not protected from interference that may be received from other classes of FM stations.
We follow — but do not respond — to consultations on titles covering the use of radio frequencies for the Internet of Things. At the moment, most of that evolution happens at the consumer product level; though it is wise to contemplate the use of the electromagnetic spectrum during widespread and extended loss of broadband services.
Maxwell equations: Four lines that provide a complete description of light, electricity and magnetism
We do not include policy specifics regarding the migration of National Public Radio beyond cultural content into political news; though we acknowledge that the growth of publicly financed radio domiciled in education communities is a consideration in the technology of content preparation informed by the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967.
We drill into technical specifics of the following:
Radios used for campus public safety and campus maintenance
Student-run campus radio stations licensed by the Federal Communications Commission as Low Power FM (LPFM)
Facilities for regional broadcast of National Public Radio operating from education communities
Off-campus transmission facilities such as broadcast towers.
Grounding, bonding, lightning protection of transmission and receiving equipment on buildings
Broadcast studio electrotechnologies
Radio technology is regulated by the Federal Communications Commission with no ANSI-accredited standards setting organizations involved in leading practice discovery and promulgation. Again, we do not cover creative and content issues. Join us today at 11 AM/ET using the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
An English paraphrase of the Canticle of the Sun (or Laudes Creaturarum), written by St. Francis of Assisi in 1224–1225: Francis composed the poem in Umbrian Italian while recovering from illness, praising God through all creation. William H. Draper translated and adapted it into English in 1919 for a children’s Whitsuntide festival in Leeds, England. The 1623 tune Lasst uns erfreuen was paired with it, giving the hymn its majestic, joyful character.
It is widely sung in Protestant and Catholic churches, especially at Easter, harvest festivals, and creation-themed services. It celebrates God’s glory reflected in nature and calls all creatures—sun, moon, wind, water, fire, and humanity—to praise their Creator.
Dutch student radios (known as studentenzenders or campus radios) are typically non-commercial, educational broadcasting initiatives run by universities or student associations. They operate primarily as cable radio stations (kabelradio) distributed via campus or university cable networks, rather than over-the-air FM/AM transmissions. This avoids the need for expensive ether frequency licenses and aligns with their limited, non-public reach. Over-the-air broadcasting is rare for student radios due to regulatory hurdles and costs, but if pursued, it falls under general broadcasting rules.
Standards are governed by the Dutch Media Act (Mediawet), enforced by the Dutch Media Authority (Commissariaat voor de Media, CvdM) for content and permissions, and the Dutch Authority for Digital Infrastructure (Rijksinspectie Digitale Infrastructuur for technical aspects. For cable distribution, no broadcast license is required if confined to private/university networks, but equipment must comply with EU directives.
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwBpic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
