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— Elon University (@elonuniversity) October 31, 2025
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Mortuary Arts
“In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground;
for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.
“Marat Assassinated” | Jacques-Louis David 1793
There are several ANSI accredited standards that apply to mortuary science, particularly in the areas of forensic science and medicolegal death investigation. These standards are developed to ensure the highest levels of professionalism, quality, and consistency in the field. Here are some key standards:
- ANSI/ASB Best Practice Recommendations: The American National Standards Institute in collaboration with the American Academy of Forensic Sciences has developed various standards, including those related to the handling and processing of human remains. For example, the ANSI/ASB Best Practice Recommendation 094-2021 outlines procedures for postmortem friction ridge print recovery, emphasizing systematic approaches and legal compliance during the process
ANSI/ASB Standard 125-2021: This standard focuses on the general requirements for medicolegal death investigation systems. It covers infrastructure, personnel training, and competency requirements to ensure high-quality death investigations. It also references other professional guidelines and accreditation checklists from organizations such as the National Association of Medical Examiners and the International Association of Coroners and Medical Examiners.
These standards are integral to maintaining rigorous protocols and ethical practices within mortuary science and related fields. They help ensure that procedures are consistent, legally compliant, and respectful of the deceased, ultimately contributing to the reliability and credibility of forensic investigations. For more detailed information, you can refer to the ANSI and ASB standards documentation available through their respective organizations.
Standard for Interactions Between Medical Examiner, Coroner and Death Investigation Agencies
Refrigeration Systems: Cadaver Preservation
Although specific temperature settings vary, gross anatomy labs are commonly kept at temperatures ranging from 55°F to 65°F (approximately 13°C to 18°C). This range balances the need for specimen preservation and the comfort and safety of individuals working in the lab. The 2024 Edition is widely incorporated by reference into public safety law; design, construction, maintenance operations best practice for laboratory health care occupancies.
ASHRAE 15 Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems
Purpose: This standard specifies safe design, construction, installation and operation of refrigeration systems. It not apply to refrigeration systems using ammonia (R-717) as the refrigerant.
Scope: This standard establishes safeguards for life, limb, health, and property and prescribes safety requirements:
- Design, construction, test, installation, operation, and inspection of mechanical and absorption refrigeration systems, including heat pump systems used in stationary applications;
- Modifications including replacement of parts or components if they are not identical in function and capacity; and substitutions of refrigerant having a different designation.
This standard provides safety requirements for refrigeration systems, which are often used in cadaver storage facilities to maintain appropriate temperatures. It includes guidelines on system design, installation, operation, and maintenance to ensure safe and reliable performance. Student gross anatomy labs are typically kept at lower temperatures. Maintaining a cooler environment in these labs is important for several reasons:
- Preservation of Specimens: Lower temperatures help preserve cadavers and anatomical specimens by slowing down the decomposition process. This is crucial for maintaining the quality and usability of the specimens over extended periods.
- Control of Odors: Cooler temperatures can help minimize the release of odors from the preservation chemicals used, such as formaldehyde, which can be unpleasant and potentially harmful in higher concentrations.
- Health and Safety: Maintaining a lower temperature can reduce the volatilization of formaldehyde and other chemicals, thereby lowering the concentration of potentially harmful vapors in the air. This contributes to a safer environment for students and faculty.
- Comfort during Lab Sessions: Students and instructors often wear protective clothing, including lab coats and gloves, which can be uncomfortable in warmer environments. A cooler lab helps ensure comfort during extended periods of study and dissection.
While the specific temperature settings can vary, gross anatomy labs are commonly kept at temperatures ranging from 55°F to 65°F (approximately 13°C to 18°C). This range balances the need for specimen preservation and the comfort and safety of individuals working in the lab.
University of Michigan Mechanical Design Guidelines and General Specifications
Craving the College Farm’s wood-fired pizza and made-from-scratch soup? So are we! Now you can indulge in these mouthwatering treats without stepping foot off campus. https://t.co/7pxypmxb10 pic.twitter.com/UYgxpDnms6
— Dickinson College (@DickinsonCol) September 14, 2024
Ask a Professor: Pumpkin Spiced Latte
Eduardo Peñalver Inaugurated as Georgetown’s 49th President
Georgetown University 2024 Financial Statement: Net Position $6.046B
Readings: Self-Reliance, et. al
“City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard” 1833 | George Cooke
District of Columbia Municipal Regulations
Planning & Facilities Management
Standards October: Harvest
Related:
Mabon Breakfast
Tufts University Financial Statement: $4.602B
Tufts University Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Philanthropy — Brighter World
Tufts’ comprehensive campaign raised more than $1.5 billion from over 132,000 donors, supporting financial aid, research and campus living and learning spaces.
Tufts Giving / Brighter World
Capital — Capital Projects
Current and recent investments in housing, laboratories, engineering facilities, renovations and other physical assets across the university.
Tufts Capital Projects
Essential Works — Operations Division
Tufts describes Operations as directing the university’s “essential functions and services” across four campuses, including physical plant, construction, safety, dining, grounds and waste.
Tufts Operations Division
The word “fecund” comes from the Latin word “fecundus,” which means fertile or fruitful. Historically, it has been used to describe land, animals, or people that are capable of producing abundant offspring or vegetation.
The term conveys a sense of richness and productivity, often associated with fertility and the ability to generate new life or growth. In a broader sense, it can also be applied metaphorically to describe creative or intellectual productivity.
“The Harvesters” 1565 | Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Related:
Boston Public Library: The Origins and Practices of Mabon
Standards Michigan: Kitchen Safety & Sustainability
Pathways 100
Today we break down the literature for exterior and interior pathways in education communities. We limit the term “pathway” to refer to human pathways (as in egress and ingress paths); not wiring or piping pathways. Maximum distance of travel from within a building and along an egress path toward safety is a core topic in building safety literature. Starting 2023 we will break down coverage of subject catalogs and bibliographies:
Pathways 100: Survey of all titles for both the exterior and interior environments
Pathways 200: Review of codes, standards and guidelines for building interiors
Related recent research:
Hallways and stairways lighting system cost reduction
The research on circadian rhythm parameters testing of lighting quality in classrooms
Research and discussion on classroom blackboard lighting
Pathways 300: Review of codes, standards and guidelines campus environment outside the buildings; all seasons
Pathways 500: Review of noteworthy litigation. Campus pathways are rich in possibilities for legal actions so we will refresh our understanding of the landmark decisions.
This breakdown is “somewhat” inspired by recent action by ASHRAE International to expand the scope of ASHRAE 90.1 to heating and cooling environments outside buildings. The new title of ASHRAE 901. includes the word “Site”, which is another way of saying “the world” outside buildings. Standards Michigan commented on the consequences of doing this in the proposal stages in 2020-2021.
The topic involves titles from many standards setting organizations; among them:
American National Standards Institute
C136-series for street lighting
International Code Council (accessible and useable ingress and egress entrances, paths and exits)
International Building Code: Chapter 10 Means of Egress
ICC A117 Accessibility Meeting Agenda December 15 2022 (Pathways)
ICC A117.1 2023 Meeting Calendar Accessible and Useable Buildings
Modifications for A117.1 12-1-2022 meeting
IFC §909.21.6 Proposal FS118-21 Pressurization systems for elevator pathways (now being discussed during the ICC Group A Committee Action Hearings in September)
American Society of Civil Engineers (roads, sidewalks)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASME A17.1-2019: Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (wayfinding along unofficial footpaths using the internet of small things)
Education & Healthcare Facility Electrotechnology
A BIM-Based Coordination Support System for Emergency Response
Computer Vision Method in Means of Egress Obstruction Detection
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
National Fire Protection Association (fire protection for interior premises, fire truck routes, electric signage, security)
2021 NFPA 101 Life Safety Code
Chapter 3 Means of Egress
Chapter 12-13 Assembly Occupancies
Chapter 14-15 Educational Occupancies
Chapter 18-19 Health Care Occupancies
2022 Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems
Chapter 5 – Emergency Power Supply: Energy Sources, Converters and Accessories
ASTM International Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
…And about 20 others.
We might venture onto the minefield of sensitivities about signage: too much, too many, too big, too small? There are signs everywhere in academia.
Many titles in the foregoing list are inspired by legal requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act administered by the US Department of Justice
As usual, we’ll only have time to identify the titles and concepts in motion and set up a separate markup session. Open to everyone; use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
Texas Tech
MORE:
International Building Code §3104 Pedestrian Walkways and Tunnels
2023 National Electrical Code Article 420 — Luminaires, Lampholders, and Lamps
2023 National Electrical Code Article 600 – Electric Signs and Outline Lighting
Bibliography
Shaping the Sidewalk Experience
Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
“The Via Appia: A Case Study in the Political Geography of Imperialism” Hannah Friedman. This article, published in the Journal of Historical Geography in 2011, examines the Appian Way as a product of Roman imperialism and a reflection of Roman attitudes toward the landscape and its inhabitants. The author draws on both textual and archaeological evidence to explore the road’s impact on the regions it passed through.
“The Appian Way: The Road that Built the Roman Empire” by Richard Talbert – Cambridge University Press 2012. A a comprehensive study of the Appian Way and its significance to the Roman Empire. The author draws on a wide range of archaeological and historical evidence to explore the road’s construction, use, and legacy.
Signs, Signs, Signs
…and Sign Pollution
Our first impression of a community is its visual environment, which is reflected from the pretty integration of the built and natural forms. Visual pollution is defined as the whole of irregular formations that are unattractive and affects people’s ability to enjoy or appreciate the view and vista. Anything that interferes with the “pretty scenes” and other distortion may become a cause of visual pollution. With the rapid increase of population world widebuilding sector became the major source of visual pollution especially in the city center.
Join us today when we sweep through the surprisingly large catalog of titles devoted to signage. We will borrow from our previous coverage of pathway standards. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
International students enrolling in U.S. colleges encounter Academic English — the formal register of lectures, textbooks, papers, and discussions. This variety often embeds assumptions that diverge sharply from the American Founding’s emphasis on limited government, individual liberty, natural rights, and skepticism of centralized authority.
The Founders designed a republic of enumerated powers, checks and balances, and federalism to restrain government and protect personal sovereignty. They viewed government as a necessary but dangerous servant. Deference was owed primarily to law and reason, not to elites or the state.
Modern university discourse, however, frequently frames issues through lenses that normalize expansive government. Terms like “equity,” “systemic oppression,” “social justice,” “sustainability,” and “public good” recur in required writing, readings, and class analysis. These presuppose that societal problems demand coordinated state or institutional intervention and expert guidance.
International students, often writing in a second language, must master not only grammar but also these rhetorical conventions to succeed. Essays commonly reward framing arguments around collective victimhood, institutional reform, or government solutions, while skepticism of authority or defense of limited government can be marked down.
This creates subtle acculturation. Students absorb a version of English that subtly legitimizes big government as moral progress — contrasting the Founding’s core warning: unchecked power threatens liberty. Proficiency thus includes ideological fluency in progressive norms dominant in humanities and social sciences.
In short, many international graduates internalize habits of thought prioritizing collective authority and equity over the Founders’ individualism and restraint — shaping future global elites away from the Republic’s original limited-government ethos.
Noteworthy court cases involving signage on colleges and universities:
- Widmar v. Vincent (1981): In this Supreme Court case, the court held that public universities cannot discriminate against student groups based on their religious or political beliefs, including the display of signs or other expressive activities.
- Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to a school district’s ban on wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War. The court held that students have a First Amendment right to express their views through symbols and signs, as long as it does not disrupt the educational environment.
- Healy v. James (1972): In this Supreme Court case, the court held that colleges and universities cannot impose a prior restraint on student speech, including the display of signs, unless there is a clear and present danger of imminent violence or disruption.
- Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia (1995): In this Supreme Court case, the court held that public universities cannot discriminate against student groups based on their viewpoint, including the display of signs or other expressive activities.
- Texas v. Johnson (1989): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to a Texas law that prohibited the desecration of the American flag. The court held that flag burning is a form of symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment, including on college and university campuses.
Court cases involving municipal signage:
- Reed v. Town of Gilbert (2015): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to the town of Gilbert, Arizona’s sign code, which regulated the size, location, and duration of signs based on their content. The court held that the sign code was a content-based restriction on speech and therefore subject to strict scrutiny.
- City of Ladue v. Gilleo (1994): In this Supreme Court case, the court struck down a municipal ordinance that banned the display of signs on residential property, except for signs that fell within specific exemptions. The court held that the ban was an unconstitutional restriction on the freedom of speech.
- Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego (1981): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to a San Diego ordinance that banned off-premises advertising signs while allowing on-premises signs. The court held that the ordinance was an unconstitutional restriction on free speech, as it discriminated against certain types of speech.
- City of Ladue v. Center for the Study of Responsive Law, Inc. (1980): In this Supreme Court case, the court upheld a municipal ordinance that prohibited the display of signs on public property, but only if the signs were posted for longer than 10 days. The court held that the ordinance was a valid time, place, and manner restriction on speech.
- City of Boerne v. Flores (1997): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to a municipal sign code that regulated the size, location, and content of signs in the city. The court held that the sign code violated the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, as it burdened the exercise of religion without a compelling government interest.
Finally got my nameplate! #Official #newPI pic.twitter.com/gLgMv4vvCb
— 🪷 Ashley Dalrymple (@dr_shlee) April 5, 2023
Can Voters Detect Malicious Manipulation of Ballot Marking Devices?
Can Voters Detect Malicious Manipulation of Ballot Marking Devices?
Matthew Bernhard, et. al
University of Michigan
Abstract: Ballot marking devices (BMDs) allow voters to select candidates on a computer kiosk, which prints a paper ballot that the voter can review before inserting it into a scanner to be tabulated. Unlike paperless voting machines, BMDs provide voters an opportunity to verify an auditable physical record of their choices, and a growing number of U.S. jurisdictions are adopting them for all voters. However, the security of BMDs depends on how reliably voters notice and correct any adversarially induced errors on their printed ballots. In order to measure voters’ error detection abilities, we conducted a large study (N = 241) in a realistic polling place setting using real voting machines that we modified to introduce an error into each printout. Without intervention, only 40% of participants reviewed their printed ballots at all, and only 6.6% told a poll worker something was wrong. We also find that carefully designed interventions can improve verification performance. Verbally instructing voters to review the printouts and providing a written slate of candidates for whom to vote both significantly increased review and reporting rates-although the improvements may not be large enough to provide strong security in close elections, especially when BMDs are used by all voters. Based on these findings, we make several evidence-based recommendations to help better defend BMD-based elections.
IEEE provides this article for public use without charge.
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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