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Halloween Cooking

October 30, 2026
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North Carolina

Requirements for Hybrid Media Production

Mortuary Arts

October 30, 2026
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“In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground;
for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.

— Genesis 3:19 

“Marat Assassinated” | Jacques-Louis David 1793

There are several ANSI accredited standards that apply to mortuary science, particularly in the areas of forensic science and medicolegal death investigation. These standards are developed to ensure the highest levels of professionalism, quality, and consistency in the field. Here are some key standards:

  1. ANSI/ASB Best Practice Recommendations: The American National Standards Institute in collaboration with the American Academy of Forensic Sciences has developed various standards, including those related to the handling and processing of human remains. For example, the ANSI/ASB Best Practice Recommendation 094-2021 outlines procedures for postmortem friction ridge print recovery, emphasizing systematic approaches and legal compliance during the process​
    ANSI/ASB Standard 125-2021: This standard focuses on the general requirements for medicolegal death investigation systems. It covers infrastructure, personnel training, and competency requirements to ensure high-quality death investigations. It also references other professional guidelines and accreditation checklists from organizations such as the National Association of Medical Examiners and the International Association of Coroners and Medical Examiners. 

These standards are integral to maintaining rigorous protocols and ethical practices within mortuary science and related fields. They help ensure that procedures are consistent, legally compliant, and respectful of the deceased, ultimately contributing to the reliability and credibility of forensic investigations. For more detailed information, you can refer to the ANSI and ASB standards documentation available through their respective organizations.

Related:

OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens (29 CFR 1910.1030)

Anatomical Donation

Virtual Gross Anatomy Lab

Standard for Interactions Between Medical Examiner, Coroner and Death Investigation Agencies

Bulletin Board

October 30, 2026
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FCC Environmental review of communications infrastructure | November 18

Relevant to our lament on campus antennas, towers, rooftop installations and permitting

Dimidia veritas, tota mendacium est

 

NIST RFI: Medical Metrology and Standards | November 30

NFPA 70 National Electrical Code | Modular Data Centers — Proposed TIA 1949  October 30

tFERC Cybersecurity Monitoring of Electric Infrastructure | Comments due December 14

Cornell Donor Revolt: No Confidence Vote on President

CUNY raises record $312 million

University of Minnesota plans $225 million reduction

Teachers’ Unions Face More Competition for Influence in School Board Elections

Foreign Gifts | Donor Privacy

Trump Account Proposed Regulations | October 20, 2026

University of Notre Dame: Teaching with the Columbus Murals

DOE — Bulk-Power System Security RFI | October 9

Massachusetts Fire Safety Advisory Meeting October 14

RFI: Electromagnetic Fields, Radiofrequency Radiation & Wireless Radiation Exposure | October 21

FERC Cybersecurity Monitoring of Electric Infrastructure | Comments due December 14

NIST SP 800-239 — AI Data Center Security Analysis | September 25

Public consultation on NERC computational-load standard open until September 18

NIST SP 800-209 Rev. 1 — Security Guidelines for Storage Infrastructure | September 8

NFPA 70 | TIA from AHRI on GFCI protection on HVAC equipment | September 6

“Labor omnia vicit improbus” (trans. ‘Steady, unyielding labor conquered all things’)

Georgics, Book I — Publius Vergilius Maro

Standards exist to sustain the ordinary rhythms of civilization.  Behind every meal, classroom, laboratory, concert, hospital, farm, playing field and family home stands a network of standards that quietly enables daily life. Our work is to understand, improve and explain those standards in service to the educational settlements they support. ANSI Standards Action



NIST | USPTO | ANSI | IEEE | ICC | ASTM | ASHRAE | UL | TIA | ASME | ASCE | AGA

Michigan Standards Developers : NSF | ACI | NETA | ASABE | HL7 | RIA | JCSEE | BIFMA | PJRFSI | SAE

Global: SA | BSA | NSAI | CSA | CEN & CENELEC | ISO & IEC*

 

APPA was founded at the University of Michigan| See our ABOUT

 

 

* ISO and IEC have opted out of the X-social media platforms.  FYI: X is 13 times the size of BlueSky in terms of scale and reach.

Refrigeration Systems: Cadaver Preservation

October 30, 2026
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Although specific temperature settings vary, gross anatomy labs are commonly kept at temperatures ranging from 55°F to 65°F (approximately 13°C to 18°C). This range balances the need for specimen preservation and the comfort and safety of individuals working in the lab. The 2024 Edition is widely incorporated by reference into public safety law; design, construction, maintenance operations best practice for laboratory health care occupancies.

ASHRAE 15 Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems

Purpose:  This standard specifies safe design, construction, installation and operation of refrigeration systems.  It not apply to refrigeration systems using ammonia (R-717) as the refrigerant.

Scope: This standard establishes safeguards for life, limb, health, and property and prescribes safety requirements:

  • Design, construction, test, installation, operation, and inspection of mechanical and absorption refrigeration systems, including heat pump systems used in stationary applications;
  • Modifications including replacement of parts or components if they are not identical in function and capacity; and substitutions of refrigerant having a different designation.

ASHRAE Public Review Drafts

This standard provides safety requirements for refrigeration systems, which are often used in cadaver storage facilities to maintain appropriate temperatures. It includes guidelines on system design, installation, operation, and maintenance to ensure safe and reliable performance.  Student gross anatomy labs are typically kept at lower temperatures. Maintaining a cooler environment in these labs is important for several reasons:

  1. Preservation of Specimens: Lower temperatures help preserve cadavers and anatomical specimens by slowing down the decomposition process. This is crucial for maintaining the quality and usability of the specimens over extended periods.
  2. Control of Odors: Cooler temperatures can help minimize the release of odors from the preservation chemicals used, such as formaldehyde, which can be unpleasant and potentially harmful in higher concentrations.
  3. Health and Safety: Maintaining a lower temperature can reduce the volatilization of formaldehyde and other chemicals, thereby lowering the concentration of potentially harmful vapors in the air. This contributes to a safer environment for students and faculty.
  4. Comfort during Lab Sessions: Students and instructors often wear protective clothing, including lab coats and gloves, which can be uncomfortable in warmer environments. A cooler lab helps ensure comfort during extended periods of study and dissection.

While the specific temperature settings can vary, gross anatomy labs are commonly kept at temperatures ranging from 55°F to 65°F (approximately 13°C to 18°C). This range balances the need for specimen preservation and the comfort and safety of individuals working in the lab.

University of Michigan Mechanical Design Guidelines and General Specifications

Venison Borscht

October 29, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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Cornell University | Sage Chapel

Catskills Borscht Belt Museum — Food and Comedy in the Resort Era

Venison Borscht

Leading Through Extension with Humility and Responsibility

 

New York | Upstate

 

borscht soup bowls

Ask a Professor: Pumpkin Spiced Latte

October 29, 2026
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WASHINGTON D.C. WEATHER
https://standardsmichigan.com/136343-2/

Eduardo Peñalver Inaugurated as Georgetown’s 49th President

Strategic Plan 2027-2032

Georgetown University 2024 Financial Statement: Net Position $6.046B

Readings: Self-Reliance, et. al

“City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard” 1833 | George Cooke

District of Columbia Municipal Regulations


Planning & Facilities Management

Standards October: Harvest

Related:

Pumpkin Spice Latte

Mabon Breakfast

October 29, 2026
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MIDDLESEX COUNTY WEATHER

https://standardsmichigan.com/136343-2/

Tufts University Financial Statement: $4.602B 

Standards Massachusetts

Tufts University | Medford, Massachusetts | Middlesex County | 617 | FSC 002219

Tufts University Middlesex County, Massachusetts

Philanthropy — Brighter World
Tufts’ comprehensive campaign raised more than $1.5 billion from over 132,000 donors, supporting financial aid, research and campus living and learning spaces.
Tufts Giving / Brighter World

Capital — Capital Projects
Current and recent investments in housing, laboratories, engineering facilities, renovations and other physical assets across the university.
Tufts Capital Projects

Essential Works — Operations Division
Tufts describes Operations as directing the university’s “essential functions and services” across four campuses, including physical plant, construction, safety, dining, grounds and waste.
Tufts Operations Division

The word “fecund” comes from the Latin word “fecundus,” which means fertile or fruitful. Historically, it has been used to describe land, animals, or people that are capable of producing abundant offspring or vegetation.

The term conveys a sense of richness and productivity, often associated with fertility and the ability to generate new life or growth. In a broader sense, it can also be applied metaphorically to describe creative or intellectual productivity.

“The Harvesters” 1565 | Pieter Bruegel the Elder

Related:

Boston Public Library: The Origins and Practices of Mabon

Standards Michigan: Kitchen Safety & Sustainability

 

Pathways 100

October 29, 2026
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Today we break down the literature for exterior and interior pathways in education communities.   We limit the term “pathway” to refer to human pathways (as in egress and ingress paths); not wiring or piping pathways.   Maximum distance of travel from within a building and along an egress path toward safety is a core topic in building safety literature.  Starting 2023 we will break down coverage of subject catalogs and bibliographies:

Pathways 100: Survey of all titles for both the exterior and interior environments

Pathways 200: Review of codes, standards and guidelines for building interiors

Related recent research:

Hallways and stairways lighting system cost reduction

The research on circadian rhythm parameters testing of lighting quality in classrooms

Research and discussion on classroom blackboard lighting

Pathways 300: Review of codes, standards and guidelines campus environment outside the buildings; all seasons

Pathways 500: Review of noteworthy litigation.   Campus pathways are rich in possibilities for legal actions so we will refresh our understanding of the landmark decisions.

This breakdown is “somewhat” inspired by recent action by ASHRAE International to expand the scope of ASHRAE 90.1 to heating and cooling environments outside buildings.   The new title of ASHRAE 901. includes the word “Site”, which is another way of saying “the world” outside buildings.   Standards Michigan commented on the consequences of doing this in the proposal stages in 2020-2021.

The topic involves titles from many standards setting organizations; among them:

American National Standards Institute

C136-series for street lighting

International Code Council (accessible and useable ingress and egress entrances, paths and exits)

International Building Code: Chapter 10 Means of Egress

ICC A117 Accessibility Meeting Agenda December 15 2022 (Pathways)

ICC A117.1 2023 Meeting Calendar Accessible and Useable Buildings

Modifications for A117.1 12-1-2022 meeting

A117.1 11-17-2022 Agenda 20

A117.1 7-28-2022 Minutes 12

IFC §909.21.6 Proposal FS118-21 Pressurization systems for elevator pathways (now being discussed during the ICC Group A Committee Action Hearings in September)

American Society of Civil Engineers (roads, sidewalks)

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASME A17.1-2019: Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators

Elevators & Lifts

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (wayfinding along unofficial footpaths using the internet of small things)

Education & Healthcare Facility Electrotechnology

A BIM-Based Coordination Support System for Emergency Response

Computer Vision Method in Means of Egress Obstruction Detection

Recommended Practice for the Design of Power Systems Supplying Lighting Systems in Commercial and Industrial Facilities

Wayfinding: Current Research

 

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

National Fire Protection Association (fire protection for interior premises, fire truck routes, electric signage, security)

2021 NFPA 101 Life Safety Code

Chapter 3 Means of Egress

Chapter 12-13 Assembly Occupancies

Chapter 14-15 Educational Occupancies

Chapter 18-19 Health Care Occupancies

2022 Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems

Chapter 5 – Emergency Power Supply: Energy Sources, Converters and Accessories

ASTM International Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates

Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates

…And about 20 others.

We might venture onto the minefield of sensitivities about signage: too much, too many, too big, too small?  There are signs everywhere in academia.

Many titles in the foregoing list are inspired by legal requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act administered by the US Department of Justice

As usual, we’ll only have time to identify the titles and concepts in motion and set up a separate markup session.   Open to everyone; use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

Texas Tech

MORE:

International Building Code §3104 Pedestrian Walkways and Tunnels 

2023 National Electrical Code Article 420 — Luminaires, Lampholders, and Lamps

2023 National Electrical Code Article 600 – Electric Signs and Outline Lighting

2023 National Electrical Code Article 620 — Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, Moving Walks, Lifts and Chairlifts

Bibliography

Shaping the Sidewalk Experience

The 8 Principles of Sidewalks

Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation

“The Via Appia: A Case Study in the Political Geography of Imperialism” Hannah Friedman.  This article, published in the Journal of Historical Geography in 2011, examines the Appian Way as a product of Roman imperialism and a reflection of Roman attitudes toward the landscape and its inhabitants. The author draws on both textual and archaeological evidence to explore the road’s impact on the regions it passed through.

“The Appian Way: The Road that Built the Roman Empire” by Richard Talbert – Cambridge University Press 2012.  A a comprehensive study of the Appian Way and its significance to the Roman Empire. The author draws on a wide range of archaeological and historical evidence to explore the road’s construction, use, and legacy.

 

 

Signs, Signs, Signs

October 29, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com

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…and Sign Pollution

Our first impression of a community is its visual environment, which is reflected from the pretty integration of the built and natural forms. Visual pollution is defined as the whole of irregular formations that are unattractive and affects people’s ability to enjoy or appreciate the view and vista.  Anything that interferes with the “pretty scenes” and other distortion may become a cause of visual pollution. With the rapid increase of population world widebuilding sector became the major source of visual pollution especially in the city center.

Join us today when we sweep through the surprisingly large catalog of titles devoted to signage.  We will borrow from our previous coverage of pathway standards.   Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

Pathways 100

International students enrolling in U.S. colleges encounter Academic English — the formal register of lectures, textbooks, papers, and discussions. This variety often embeds assumptions that diverge sharply from the American Founding’s emphasis on limited government, individual liberty, natural rights, and skepticism of centralized authority.

The Founders designed a republic of enumerated powers, checks and balances, and federalism to restrain government and protect personal sovereignty. They viewed government as a necessary but dangerous servant. Deference was owed primarily to law and reason, not to elites or the state.

Modern university discourse, however, frequently frames issues through lenses that normalize expansive government. Terms like “equity,” “systemic oppression,” “social justice,” “sustainability,” and “public good” recur in required writing, readings, and class analysis. These presuppose that societal problems demand coordinated state or institutional intervention and expert guidance.

International students, often writing in a second language, must master not only grammar but also these rhetorical conventions to succeed. Essays commonly reward framing arguments around collective victimhood, institutional reform, or government solutions, while skepticism of authority or defense of limited government can be marked down.

This creates subtle acculturation. Students absorb a version of English that subtly legitimizes big government as moral progress — contrasting the Founding’s core warning: unchecked power threatens liberty. Proficiency thus includes ideological fluency in progressive norms dominant in humanities and social sciences.

In short, many international graduates internalize habits of thought prioritizing collective authority and equity over the Founders’ individualism and restraint — shaping future global elites away from the Republic’s original limited-government ethos.

 

Noteworthy court cases involving signage on colleges and universities:

  1. Widmar v. Vincent (1981): In this Supreme Court case, the court held that public universities cannot discriminate against student groups based on their religious or political beliefs, including the display of signs or other expressive activities.
  2. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to a school district’s ban on wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War. The court held that students have a First Amendment right to express their views through symbols and signs, as long as it does not disrupt the educational environment.
  3. Healy v. James (1972): In this Supreme Court case, the court held that colleges and universities cannot impose a prior restraint on student speech, including the display of signs, unless there is a clear and present danger of imminent violence or disruption.
  4. Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia (1995): In this Supreme Court case, the court held that public universities cannot discriminate against student groups based on their viewpoint, including the display of signs or other expressive activities.
  5. Texas v. Johnson (1989): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to a Texas law that prohibited the desecration of the American flag. The court held that flag burning is a form of symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment, including on college and university campuses.

Court cases involving municipal signage:

  1. Reed v. Town of Gilbert (2015): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to the town of Gilbert, Arizona’s sign code, which regulated the size, location, and duration of signs based on their content. The court held that the sign code was a content-based restriction on speech and therefore subject to strict scrutiny.
  2. City of Ladue v. Gilleo (1994): In this Supreme Court case, the court struck down a municipal ordinance that banned the display of signs on residential property, except for signs that fell within specific exemptions. The court held that the ban was an unconstitutional restriction on the freedom of speech.
  3. Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego (1981): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to a San Diego ordinance that banned off-premises advertising signs while allowing on-premises signs. The court held that the ordinance was an unconstitutional restriction on free speech, as it discriminated against certain types of speech.
  4. City of Ladue v. Center for the Study of Responsive Law, Inc. (1980): In this Supreme Court case, the court upheld a municipal ordinance that prohibited the display of signs on public property, but only if the signs were posted for longer than 10 days. The court held that the ordinance was a valid time, place, and manner restriction on speech.
  5. City of Boerne v. Flores (1997): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to a municipal sign code that regulated the size, location, and content of signs in the city. The court held that the sign code violated the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, as it burdened the exercise of religion without a compelling government interest.

Human Factors Using Elevators in Emergency Evacuation

October 29, 2026
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