I’m so excited to share that I will be joining the University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Neurology as a Neuropsychologist this fall, with a special focus on neuro-oncology and epilepsy! #OnWisconsinpic.twitter.com/JuS1Von6AB
Abstract: The amount of the electrical energy used for the interior lighting of medium and large buildings is generally considerable. The European Standard EN15193 was devised to establish conventions and procedures for the estimation of energy requirements of lighting in buildings by an energy performance numeric indicator. This methodology is based on the three derating factors that consider the influence of the daylight exploitation, the occupancy behavior and, if present, of a constant illuminance sensor. The factors are evaluated by a statistical approach on the basis of general reference data tabulated by the same Standard, not considering more detailed parameters of the control system that can impact severely in the effective energy savings. The Standard methodology appears extremely useful for a preliminary evaluation. For a more accurate evaluation, this paper suggests an improvement of the procedure that considers the effective operation time and occupancy behavior, the type of control and lamps, the number of control groups, the technique of modulation (dimming or switching), and the delay in turning off. The suggested procedure is compared with the Standard one to highlight the improvements.
Traditionally favored by private and parochial institutions, school uniforms are being adopted by US public schools in increasing numbers. According to a 2020 report, the percentage of public schools that required school uniforms jumped from 12% in the 1999-2000 school year to 20% in the 2017-18 school year. School uniforms were most frequently required by elementary schools (23%), followed by middle (18%), and high schools (10%). (Encyclopedia Britannica)
PRO
School uniforms may deter crime and increase student safety.
School uniforms keep students focused on their education, not their clothes.
School uniforms create a level playing field among students, reducing peer pressure and bullying.
Wearing uniforms enhances school pride, unity, and community spirit.
School uniforms may improve attendance and discipline.
Uniform policies save valuable class time because they are easier to enforce than a standard dress code.
School uniforms prevent the display of gang colors and insignia.
School uniforms make getting ready for school easier, which can improve punctuality.
School uniforms can save parents money.
Most parents and educators support mandatory school uniforms.
Students’ legal right to free expression remains intact even with mandatory school uniforms.
Students dressed in uniform are better perceived by teachers and peers.
Students can express their individuality in school uniforms by introducing variations and adding accessories.
School uniforms restrict students’ freedom of expression.
School uniforms promote conformity over individuality.
School uniforms do not stop bullying and may increase violent attacks.
School uniforms do not improve attendance, academic preparedness, or exam results.
The key findings used to tout the benefits of uniforms are questionable.
School uniforms emphasize the socio-economic divisions they are supposed to eliminate.
Students oppose school uniforms.
Uniforms may have a detrimental effect on students’ self-image.
Focusing on uniforms takes attention away from finding genuine solutions to problems in education.
The push for school uniforms is driven by commercial interests rather than educational ones.
Parents should be free to choose their children’s clothes without government interference.
School uniforms in public schools undermine the promise of a free education by imposing an extra expense on families.
School uniforms may delay the transition into adulthood.
Everyone would basically be 50% happier if everyone dressed a little better. Clothes are everywhere. Everyone doesn’t have to be a clothes hound, but if the girls looked pretty and the guys looked nice, people would be happier and even more optimistic about the future. pic.twitter.com/iQcNPL1cMl
The ISO 21001 project has matured considerably since our original 2019 coverage. ISO 21001:2018 has been withdrawn and replaced by ISO 21001:2025, Educational organizations — Management systems for educational organizations — Requirements with guidance for use. The second edition continues the effort to adapt management-system principles to schools, universities, training organizations and other providers of education and learning services. Responsibility resides with ISO/TC 232, Education and learning services.
The supporting infrastructure is also expanding. In June 2026 ISO published ISO/PAS 25171:2026, providing guidance for auditing ISO 21001 management systems, including suggested questions, evidence and measures for evaluating conformity. The development is
significant: what began as an effort to translate lessons from industrial quality management into education now has a second-edition requirements standard together with dedicated auditing guidance and an increasingly mature conformity-assessment framework.
“The Attributes of the Arts and the Rewards Which Are Accorded Them” | Jean Baptiste Siméon Chardin (1766)
“Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another.”
–G.K. Chesterton
Since 2013 we have been following developments in an International Organization for Standardization committee: ISO 288 – Educational organizations management systems – Requirements with guidance for use; a committee spun off from the committee that develops the more widely known ISO 9000-family of quality management standards prepared for industries and global regulatory agencies. The global Secretariat is South Korea; with 40 participating member nations and 11 observing nations. The status of this project can be tracked at the link below (You will need login credentials)
It is noteworthy that the US education industry is not a participant in this global standard which will likely have implications for standards setting for all aspects of educational organizations including the management of Massive Open Online Courses which we have covered in previous posts.
The ISO/TC 288 has reached a milestone with its May 1st of the First Edition of ISO 21001:2018 (Click on image). A Spanish translation is still ongoing under the auspices of PC 288, once it will be delivered, ISO/PC 288 will be disbanded. Another ISO Committee — TC 232 — is currently requesting to have its scope modified (enlarged) to be able to standardize subject pertaining to formal education too (its current scope is limited to non-formal learning and education). The result of this request is expected for the end of December. Should it be granted, TC 232 will be able to take care of ISO 21001 maintenance (e.g. revision of the standard) in the future.
We are happy to discuss any ISO consensus product any day at 11 AM Eastern Time. We also walk through the developmental status of all international standards once per month. See our CALENDAR for the next teleconference; open to everyone. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our homepage.
Boulder Valley School District, Colorado — especially useful because the district itself has an excellent “Resilient Schools: Responding to declining enrollment” page. On September 22 it approved closing Douglass, Mesa and Flatirons elementary schools for 2027–28, along with relocations and consolidation. Boulder Valley School District Boulder Valley — Resilient Schools Plan
Duval County Public Schools, Florida — four elementary schools closed for 2026–27: Don Brewer, George Washington Carver, Hyde Grove and Hidden Oaks. The district explicitly describes the process as “right-sizing.”Duval County Public Schools Duval County — Consolidations and Closures
Miami-Dade County Public Schools, Florida — approved nine closures/consolidations for 2026–27 after enrollment fell about 4% in one year. The district expected roughly $10 million in savings. K-12 Dive
Houston-area districts, Texas — particularly striking: districts across the Houston region closed 26 campuses over the past year, citing combinations of declining enrollment, aging buildings and budget deficits. Houston ISD itself approved 12 closures. Houston Chronicle
Poudre School District, Colorado — very current. Its planning committee recommended nine school closures and two consolidations this week. Superintendent Brian Kingsley points directly to fewer births, high cost of living and fewer families residing in the area. KUNC Poudre school-closure report
Norfolk Public Schools, Virginia — particularly valuable for the long view. Enrollment fell from 34,023 in 2005–06 to 24,754, a 27% decline. Norfolk consequently adopted a phased plan to close and consolidate nine schools through 2034. Norfolk.gov
Salem-Keizer Public Schools, Oregon — plans to close as many as eight elementary schools in 2027. District enrollment, recently above 40,000, is projected to fall toward 35,000 over five years.
Our Office of Engineering & Technology maintains the U.S. Table of Frequency Allocations, manages Experimental Licensing & Equipment Authorization programs, regulates operation of unlicensed devices, and conducts engineering & technical studies. https://t.co/MATs1ThyxL#FCC101
The FCC is the United States’ primary authority for communications laws, regulation and technological innovation. We provide a link to the August 3rd meeting during which time rules for Digital FM Radio and Non-Federal Spectrum Usage were discussed. Campus Security Radio, National Public Radio and Student Radio are central features of education community culture and safety and are typically available when the internet is not.
Most educational settlements are not overloaded by signage by design but distracted management (overlapping temporary signs, inconsistent styles) or large footprints supports the perception. Today at the usual hour we explore the literature covering exterior and interior signage with emphases on coherence and necessity.
Signage must align with the educational institution’s brand identity, including logos, colors, and typography (e.g., Helvetica font is often specified, as seen in some university standards).
Corporate logos are typically prohibited on primary exterior signage to maintain institutional focus.
Compliance with Local Zoning and Building Codes
Signs must adhere to municipal zoning regulations, which dictate size, height, placement, and illumination (e.g., NYC Building Code Appendix H or similar local codes).
Permits may be required, and signage must not obstruct traffic visibility or pedestrian pathways.
ADA Accessibility Requirements
Exterior signs identifying permanent spaces (e.g., entrances or exits) must meet Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards, including visual character requirements (legible fonts, sufficient contrast).
Tactile signs with Braille are required at specific locations like exit stairways or discharge points, per the U.S. Access Board guidelines, though not all exterior signs need to be tactile.
Wayfinding and Identification Functionality
Signs should clearly identify buildings, provide directional guidance, and include essential information (e.g., building names, departments, or campus districts).
Placement is typically near main entrances, limited to one per building unless otherwise justified.
Material and Durability Standards
Materials must be weather-resistant and durable (e.g., extruded or cast aluminum with finishes like natural or dark bronze, avoiding plastic in some cases).
Maintenance considerations ensure longevity and legibility over time.
Size and Placement Restrictions
Size is often regulated (e.g., no larger than necessary for legibility, with some institutions capping temporary signs at 32 square feet).
Placement avoids upper building portions unless in urban settings or campus peripheries, ensuring aesthetic harmony.
Approval and Review Processes
Exterior signage often requires review by a campus design or sign committee (e.g., a university’s Design Review Board).
For partnerships or donor-funded buildings, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) may govern signage rights and standards.
Safety and Visibility Standards
Signs must not create hazards (e.g., minimum clearance of 7.5 feet above walkways, no sharp edges).
Illumination, if allowed, must comply with safety codes and enhance visibility without causing glare or distraction.
Temporary Signage Regulations
Temporary signs (e.g., banners or construction signs) have time limits (e.g., 30-90 days per year) and must be approved, with size and frequency restrictions. The National Electrical Code Article 590 covers temporary wiring for festoon illumination and defines “temporary” as 90 days.
Somewhat Related:
Before CAD, Architect wrote like this. A handwriting everyone could understand. pic.twitter.com/dYyIJMNsOx
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwBpic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
