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Transfer Equipment
Today at the usual hour we review the switch assemblies commonly found in educational settings for sustaining power continuity. This technology can be viewed as a system of devices or as an assembly of equipment. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
Electrical transfer equipment refers to devices and systems used to transfer electrical power from one source to another, ensuring a continuous and reliable power supply. This equipment is essential in various applications, including residential, commercial, and industrial settings.
Some common types of electrical transfer equipment include:
- Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS):
- Automatically transfers the load from the primary power source to a backup power source (such as a generator) during a power outage.
- Ensures continuous power supply without manual intervention.
- Manual Transfer Switch (MTS):
- Requires manual operation to transfer the load from the primary power source to a backup power source.
- Used in situations where automatic transfer is not necessary or desired.
- Static Transfer Switch (STS):
- Uses solid-state components to transfer the load between two power sources without any mechanical movement.
- Provides fast and reliable power transfer, often used in data centers and critical applications.
- Bypass Isolation Transfer Switch:
- Allows maintenance or testing of the transfer switch without interrupting the power supply to the load.
- Provides a bypass path for the power during maintenance.
- Load Transfer Panels:
- Distributes power from multiple sources to various loads, managing the transfer of power to ensure stability and reliability.
- Generator Transfer Switch:
- Specifically designed for transferring power between the utility grid and a generator.
- Ensures that the generator can supply power during outages and isolates it when the main power is restored.
- Dual Power Automatic Transfer Switch (DPATS):
- Used in systems with dual power sources to automatically transfer the load between them.
- Ensures redundancy and reliability in power supply.
These devices are crucial in maintaining the stability and reliability of power systems, especially in environments where power continuity is critical, such as hospitals, data centers, and industrial facilities.
FREE ACCESS: NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE
The National Electrical Code covers Uninterruptible Power Supplies primarily in Article 480, titled “Storage Batteries,” and Article 700, titled “Emergency Systems.”
Here are the relevant sections:
- Article 480 – Storage Batteries: This article addresses the installation and maintenance of batteries, including those used in UPS systems. It provides guidelines for battery enclosures, ventilation, and connections to ensure safe operation.
- Article 700 – Emergency Systems: While this article focuses on emergency power systems, it includes provisions that can apply to UPS systems used as part of these systems. It covers installation, maintenance, and operational requirements to ensure reliable emergency power.
- Article 701 – Legally Required Standby Systems: Similar to Article 700, this article covers systems that must provide power during emergencies but may not require the same level of reliability. UPS systems used in these applications must comply with the relevant provisions.
- Article 702 – Optional Standby Systems: This article covers standby power systems that are not legally required but are installed for convenience or operational continuity. It includes guidelines for the installation and maintenance of UPS systems used in these applications.
- Article 705 – Interconnected Electric Power Production Sources: This article provides guidelines for systems that include UPS as part of interconnected power sources, such as those in renewable energy setups.
- Article 708 – Critical Operations Power Systems (COPS): This article addresses power systems required to support critical operations. UPS systems used in these applications must meet stringent reliability and operational requirements.
For specific details, refer to the current edition of the NEC as it contains the exact language and requirements for compliance.
The History of Elevators
The first recorded public use of an elevator was in 1743, in a private residence in France. It was created by a French scientist and inventor named Louis-François Dauprat. However, this early elevator was not used for public transportation or in a commercial building.
The first practical passenger elevator was invented by Elisha Graves Otis, an American industrialist and inventor, in 1852. The Otis elevator used a safety device known as a “safety brake” or “safety hoist,” which prevented the elevator from falling in case the hoisting cable broke at a five-story building in New York City in 1857, known as Haughwout Building.
This invention revolutionized vertical transportation, allowing for the construction of taller buildings and changing the way people live and work in urban areas.
The earliest installation of a passenger elevator in a university building in the United States was at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1861, Otis Brothers & Co., the company founded by Elisha Graves Otis, installed the first passenger elevator on a university campus in the Rogers Building at MIT. The Rogers Building was a three-story structure that housed laboratories, classrooms, and offices for faculty and students. The installation of the passenger elevator provided vertical transportation within the building, making it more convenient for people to move between floors.
This early installation marked an important milestone in the history of vertical transportation on college and university campuses, and it paved the way for the adoption of elevators in other educational institutions as they expanded in size and height over time.
International Building Code: Chapter 27 Electrical
§ 2701.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter and NFPA 70 shall govern the design, construction, erection and installation of electrical components, appliances, equipment and systems used in buildings and structures covered by this code. The International Fire Code, the International Property Maintenance Code and NFPA 70 shall shover the use and maintenance of electrical components, appliances, equipment and systems. The International Existing Building Code and NFPA 70 shall govern the alteration, repair, relocation, replacement and addition of electrical components, appliances, or equipment and systems.
Red, White and Blue Smoothie
University System of Maryland | $12.225B
University of Maryland Extension
The choice of red, white, and blue in national flags often carries historical, cultural, and political significance. Here are some reasons why various nations have chosen these colors:
- Historical Connections:
- United States: The colors were chosen for their flag in 1777 and have been interpreted to symbolize valor (red), purity (white), and justice (blue). The colors were influenced by the British Union Jack.
- France: The Tricolour flag adopted during the French Revolution represents liberty (blue), equality (white), and fraternity (red).
- United Kingdom: The Union Jack combines elements from the flags of England (red and white), Scotland (blue and white), and Ireland (red and white).
- Cultural and Political Significance:
- Russia: The flag’s colors were adopted from the Dutch flag, symbolizing pan-Slavism (red for bravery, blue for faithfulness, and white for honesty).
- Netherlands: The Dutch flag’s colors (originally derived from the Prince’s Flag) have historical roots, symbolizing the struggle for independence and liberty.
- Czech Republic and Slovakia: Both countries use red, white, and blue to represent their Slavic heritage.
- Influence and Inspiration:
- Chile, Costa Rica, and Panama: These countries were influenced by the colors and symbolism of other flags (e.g., the French and American flags) during their independence movements.
- Australia and New Zealand: Both countries incorporate the Union Jack in their flags, reflecting their colonial history with the United Kingdom.
- Symbolism:
- Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia: The colors are traditional pan-Slavic colors, representing freedom and national unity.
- Iceland and Norway: The colors reflect their historical and cultural ties to other Scandinavian countries.
The exact reasons can vary, but often the colors reflect a mix of historical alliances, cultural heritage, and political ideals.
Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems
Technical Committee 82 of the International Electrotechnical Commission is charged with preparing international standards for the full length of the solar energy power chain The span of the power chain includes the light input, the cell itself, and the fittings and accessories to the end use (utilization) equipment.
Strategic Business Plan of IEC Technical Committee 82
The United States is the Global Secretariat for TC 82 through the US National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission (USNA/IEC) administered by the American National Standards Institute(ANSI). Standards Michigan is a long-standing member of ANSI since our “standards journey” began at the University of Michigan in 1993.
The USNA/IEC and participates in its standards development processes; typically collaborating with global research and application engineers in the IEEE Industrial Applications Society and the IEEE Power and Energy Society. To advance its agenda for lower #TotalCostofOwnership for US real asset executives and facility managers Standards Michigan also collaborates closely with subject matter experts who contribute to, and draw from, the knowledge base in the IEEE Education and Healthcare Facilities Committee (E&H).
The IEC permits public commenting on its draft standards; though you will need to establish login credentials:
Your comments will be reviewed by the IEC National Committee of the country you live in, which can decide to propose them as national input for the final draft of the IEC International Standard. This approach makes it easier for individual nations to participate in IEC standards development processes because the resources that national standards bodies need to administer participation resides in Geneva and is managed there.
“The Eclipse of the Sun in Venice, July 6, 1842” | Ippolito Caffi
We collaborate with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee which has its own platform to tracking commenting opportunities:
As of this posting, no interoperability redlines have been released for public consultation. In large measure, IEC titles contribute to a level playing field among multi-national electrical equipment manufacturers so we should not be surprised that there are no redlines to review. When they are released we place them on the agenda of the IEEE E&H Committee which meets 4 times monthly in European and American time zones.
Log in to the E&H Committee meeting
Issue: [18-240]
Category: Electrical Power, Energy Conservation
Contact: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Peter Sutherland
LEARN MORE:
[1] US Commenters must route their comments through the USNA/IEC.
[2] Many product and installation standards are developed by the Association of Electrical Equipment and Medical Imaging Manufacturers (NEMA): CLICK HERE
[3] NEMA comparison of NEC and IEC electrical safety standards
How the Netherlands Prevents Flood Disasters
Federal Flood Risk Management Standard
Floods bring substantial debris along and this exacerbates the flooding. Daan Poppema and his students replicate this in our new outdoor campus flume, measuring the rise when debris blocks the bridge.
💡The future results can enhance our preparedness for future flood events. pic.twitter.com/k5vWvRqBvp
— TU Delft (@tudelft) August 11, 2023
Physical Security of Water Utilities
“Spring Night, Harlem River” 1913 Earnest Lawson
Many school districts, colleges and universities are affected by annual spring flooding in the Central United States; seasonal inspiration for revisiting the technical and management codes and standards to avoid and/or mitigate water damages that may be originate with host municipality water supply and control authorities.
The standards developed by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and its affiliate institute — Environmental Water Resource Institute (EWRI) — should appear in the design guidelines given to professional services firms retained by the facility construction, operations and maintenance workgroups. We encourage our colleagues in these units to update their design guidelines with the latest versions of the documents linked below:
ASCE/EWRI 56: Guidelines for the Physical Security of Water Utilities. These water utility guidelines recommend physical and electronic security measures for physical protection systems to protect against identified adversaries, referred to as the design basis threats (DBTs), with specified motivation, tools, equipment, and weapons.
ASCE/EWRI 57: Guidelines for the Physical Security of Wastewater/Stormwater Utilities. These wastewater/stormwater utilities guidelines recommend physical and electronic security measures for physical protection systems to protect against identified adversaries, referred to as the design basis threats (DBTs), with specified motivation, tools, equipment, and weapons. Additional requirements and security equipment may be necessary to defend against threats with greater capabilities.
Note that these documents are “paired” for the obvious reason that potable water systems must be separate from all other water systems.
No redlines that are in the upper tier of our priority rankings are open for public comment at this time; though there are two that might interest building contractors:
Standards currently accepting Public Comments include:
Public Comment for ASCE-SEI 24 Flood Resistant Design and Construction (Comment Deadline 9/26/24)
Public Comment for ASCE/SEI 32-01 Design and Construction of Frost-Protected Shallow Foundations (Comment Deadline 8/05/2024
Public Comment on ASCE 7-22 Supplement for Chapter 5 (Comment Deadline 1-15-2023)
Public Comment on ASCE 7-22 Supplement for Referenced Standards (Comment Deadline 1-15-2023)
We encourage direct engagement by education industry leaders, their engineering consultants, or municipal water management experts to participate in the development of these standards through the ASCE standards portal:
ASCE Standards Public Comment Page
You will need to set up an access account. You may also communicate directly with the American Society of Civil Engineers, 1801 Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191. Contact: James Neckel (jneckel@asce.org).
We keep water-related ASCE titles on the standing agenda of our Water colloquium. See our CALENDAR for the next teleconference; open to everyone.
Issue: [18-52]
Category: Civil Engineering, Water, #SmartCampus
Colleagues: Jack Janveja, Richard Robben, Steve Snyder, Larry Spielvogel
LEARN MORE:
Student Medical Centers
This facility class has many names but is similar in our approach to them: the settings that provide primary care in a visible, central service. After the chapel, the library, the kitchen and the classroom, the on-campus medical center is a central fixture. These clinics typically provide basic medical services primarily aimed at addressing the immediate health needs of students and sometimes staff. These clinics are often staffed by a nurse or a small team of healthcare professionals such as nurse practitioners or physician assistants.
- Services may include first aid, basic medical care (such as treating minor injuries and illnesses), immunizations, health screenings, and sometimes mental health counseling.
- These clinics are often staffed by a nurse or a small team of healthcare professionals such as nurse practitioners or physician assistants. In some cases, a physician may be available on a part-time basis.
- These clinics are usually small and may be located within or near the school premises. They typically have limited space and equipment compared to hospitals.
Access to school-based clinics is often limited to students and staff during school hours. They may not be open during weekends, holidays, or outside of regular school hours.
University of Michigan Health Service: Reproductive Health
University of Vermont: Primary Care at Student Health Services
University of North Dakota Student Health Services
University of Chicago Student Sexual Health
University of California System Abortion Services
During today’s open door session we examine the literature relevant to making this facility class safer, simpler, lower-cost and longer-lasting in the links below, including open public consultation close dates:
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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Standards Michigan Group, LLC
2723 South State Street | Suite 150
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