Evensong “Rud videregående skole”
- Home Page 182
Digital Media over IP Network
This content is accessible to paid subscribers. To view it please enter your password below or send mike@standardsmichigan.com a request for subscription details.
Lightning protection techniques for roof-top PV systems
Lightning protection techniques for roof-top PV systems
Narjes Fallah, et. al
ABSTRACT: In this paper, the lightning protection requirements of a typical residential building have been discussed and techniques have been provided to protect the building from both direct and indirect damages of lightning, with special attention to the protection of PV panels placed on the roof. These techniques include the designing challenges and also the type of devices which can be used to reduce the surge current flow and magnetic field. It has been shown that for buildings with roof top PV systems only the avoidance of lightning attachment to unprotected parts of the building is not sufficient. Lightning currents passing through the lightning protection system may still affect the PV power system through inductive coupling. Hence strategic placement of PV systems and shielding of conducting systems wherever possible has been recommended. It has also been envisaged that the impact of lightning on PV systems is directly related to the isokeraunic level of the region and elevation of the building. Several recommendations have been proposed in designing the air termination system for a roof with PV panels in high isokeraunic regions. Finally the building integrated photo voltaic (BIPV) projects which are conducted in Malaysia have been evaluated..
CLICK HERE to order complete paper.
Readings:
IEEE Guide for Solar Power Plant Grounding for Personnel Protection
Risk Assessment of Rooftop-Mounted Solar PV Systems
Analysis of Lightning Surge Effects on Small-Scale Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems
Dehn-International White Paper: Lightning and surge protection for rooftop photovoltaic systems
Safety of Photovoltaic Power Systems
Electrical Building World Columbian_Exposition | Chicago (1892)
A consensus document developed by Underwriters Laboratories, lies at the foundation of most solar energy systems in the United States: UL 62109 Standard for Safety for Power Converters for Use in Photovoltaic Power Systems. The scope of UL 62109 is as follows
This part of IEC 62109 applies to the power conversion equipment (PCE) for use in Photovoltaic (PV) systems where a uniform technical level with respect to safety is necessary. This standard defines the minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of PCE for protection against electric shock, energy, fire, mechanical and other hazards. This standard provides general requirements applicable to all types of PV PCE. There are additional parts of this standard that provide specific requirements for the different types of power converters, such as Part 2 – inverters. Additional parts may be published as new products and technologies are commercializd.
Note that UL coordinates its revisions to this document with related work by IEC Technical Committee 82 Solar photovoltaic energy systems and its IEC 62109 suite of international electrical safety standards.
This document forms part of the foundation of electrical safety consensus documents produced by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, the National Electrical Equipment and Medical Imaging Manufacturers and the National Fire Protection Association, to name a few. In distributed energy projects on educational campuses, for example; you will find it called out in design guidelines and construction contract specifications in the general purpose clause” “Conform to all applicable standards”; thereby setting up discussion about whether or not this, and similar standards, apply when something untoward happens.
Comment on the proposed UL re-affirmation that will establish the 2019 revision is due April 7th.
Public consultation on the 2024 revision should occur sometime during 2023. Since the last revision more questions about the “recycle-ability” of solar panels have risen in the national conversation about sustainability.
We typically refer this to the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facility Committee which meets four times per month in European and American time zones. Additionally, since Underwriters Laboratory is one of about twenty “continuous maintenance” standards developers, whose catalog changes daily, we are happy to discuss this any day during our standing 11 AM Eastern time teleconferences. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
Issue: [19-AAA]
Category: Electrical, Energy, District Energy, #SmartCampus
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Kane Howard
Operational Resilience for Electric Power Distribution Systems
This content is accessible to paid subscribers. To view it please enter your password below or send mike@standardsmichigan.com a request for subscription details.
Financial Services
We find a few ANSI-accredited financial service standards developers with meaningful effect upon #TotalCostofOwnership of the real assets of the education industry; though consortia* are the rule, rather than the exception. Education community use of public money requires rigorous oversight; with some of the nuttiest party/counterparty regimes imaginable.
That much said we find that the existing suite of financial service standards coming from Geneva are too high level to have direct perceptible effect on money flows through the $300 billion education facility industry. Still, the best practice originating from ISO administration are noteworthy as prospective policy templates.
Vocabulary, instrument lexicon and data exchange issues are important; especially for a global industry (CLICK HERE for ISO TC/68 titles).
We limit our interest to the arcane and rather dreary world of tax-free bonds that school districts, colleges and universities rely upon to fund capital improvements and “continuing operations”. We see the prospect of disruption on the horizon as distributed ledger technologies roll out; the topic of our monthly Blockchain teleconferences. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
For the moment, let us acknowledge Technical Committee 68 of the International Standardization Organization for which the American National Standards Institute is the Global Secretariat. The prospectus of this standardization project is linked below:
ISO/TC 68 Financial services: Background, structure and information
For obvious reasons, because the finance sector runs on the order of 20 percent of any economy there are many nations involved and a respectable number of published standards.
This section of the ISO catalog may interest business school and/or international studies students. We are happy to point students in the right direction any day during our 11 AM/ET “open office hours” teleconferences.
Finance staff on the business side of the education industry, who would like to keep pace with the rollout of smart contracts in grant and infrastructure enterprises, are encouraged to communicate directly with Accredited Standards Committee X9, Inc. for more information about the US Technical Advisory Group. Janet Busch is listed as the contact person (janet.busch@x9.org). Our colleagues in other nations interested in participating should communicate directly with Stefan Marinkovic at the ISO Offices in Geneva (marinkovic@iso.org)
We keep all ISO standards on the standing agenda of our International and Finance standards monthly teleconferences. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting.
Issue: [16-135]
Category: Finance, International, Blockchain
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Christine Fischer, Richard Robben
Public Broadcasting Act of 1967
This content is accessible to paid subscribers. To view it please enter your password below or send mike@standardsmichigan.com a request for subscription details.
How Blockchain Will Change Construction
Autodesk Construction Cloud
Blockchain and distributed ledger technology has the potential to improve building construction in several ways:
• Asset Tokenization: Some projects explore the idea of tokenizing real estate assets, including buildings, which can enable fractional ownership and increase liquidity in the real estate market.
• Supply chain management: Blockchain can be used to track building materials throughout the supply chain, from the manufacturer to the construction site. This can increase transparency and traceability, reduce fraud and counterfeiting, and improve quality control.
• Payment processing: Blockchain can be used to automate payment processing for construction projects, allowing for faster and more efficient payments that are verified through the blockchain. This can reduce payment disputes and delays and increase the speed of project completion.
• Smart contracts: Smart contracts can be used in building construction to automatically execute contractual obligations, such as making payments or releasing building plans when certain conditions are met. This can reduce the need for intermediaries and improve the efficiency of the construction process.
• Building maintenance and management: Blockchain can be used to create a decentralized database of building maintenance and management records, such as warranties, repair records, and energy usage. This can make it easier for building owners and managers to track and manage building maintenance, reducing downtime and costs.
• Decentralized project management: Blockchain can be used to create a decentralized platform for project management, allowing all stakeholders to have access to the same information and reducing the risk of miscommunication and errors.
Emergent vendors in this domain:
ImmVRse is a blockchain-based platform that is being developed to help with the design and construction of educational facilities. The platform uses virtual reality to create 3D models of buildings, which can be used to identify potential design flaws and optimize construction plans. The platform also uses blockchain to track project progress, reduce disputes, and facilitate payments.
Solar DAO is a blockchain-based platform that is being developed to fund renewable energy projects, including solar energy systems for educational facilities. The platform allows investors to fund solar energy projects and receive dividends based on the amount of energy generated. The platform also uses blockchain to track project progress and verify energy generation.
Blockcerts is a blockchain-based platform that is being used for digital credentialing in education. The platform allows educational institutions to issue digital certificates and diplomas that are verified through the blockchain, making them more secure and tamper-proof.
Widespread adoption of these technologies will require collaboration and standardization within the industry.
How Blockchain Will Change Construction
Don Tapscott – Ricardo Viana Vargas
Blockchain technology is among the most disruptive forces of the past decade. Its power to record, enable, and secure huge numbers and varieties of transactions raises an intriguing question: Can the same distributed ledger technology that powers bitcoin also enable better execution of strategic projects in a conservative sector like construction, involving large teams of contractors and subcontractors and an abundance of building codes, safety regulations, and standards?
“Increasingly, we are thinking more carefully about when and where we need to compete and what can we share and collaborate on,” said David Bowcott, global director of growth, innovation, and insight in Aon’s global construction and infrastructure group. Using blockchain to automate the contractual processes and paperwork underpinning these complex projects could save money, free up valuable resources, and speed up project delivery. (Unless otherwise noted, quotes are from interviews we conducted as part of our research.)
Harvard University
Bibliography
On-Site Construction Quality Inspection Using Blockchain and Smart Contracts
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
Standards Michigan Group, LLC
2723 South State Street | Suite 150
Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA
888-746-3670
DIRECTIONS
 |
 |
|
 |
 |
|
 |
 |