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Winter Sport
“Indians Playing Lacrosse on the Ice” 1934 Yale University Art Gallery
The literature for designing, building and maintaining sport and recreation related spaces in education settlements cuts across so many safety and sustainability risk aggregations that, starting 2024, we begin breaking up the topic according to four seasons; mindful that not all seasons are present in all settlements at all times of the year.
Join us today when we sort through live public consultations on proposed changes to the most frequently referenced titles.
Hockey
Figure Skating
Rifle
Recreation
Swimming
Related:
Virtual reality technology in evacuation simulation of sport stadiums
Maths and Sport
The use of “maths” instead of “math” is a difference in British English compared to American English. In British English, the word “mathematics” is often referred to as “maths,” with the added “s” signifying the plural form. This is consistent with how British English commonly shortens many words by adding an “s” to the end. For example, “physics” becomes “phys, “economics” becomes “econs,” and so on.
In contrast, American English typically shortens “mathematics” to “math” without the additional “s,” following a different pattern of abbreviation.
The reason for these linguistic differences is rooted in the historical development of the English language and regional linguistic variations that have evolved over time. British English and American English have diverged in certain aspects of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar, resulting in variations like “maths” and “math.” It’s important to note that neither is inherently correct or incorrect; they are just regional preferences.
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Gresham College is a higher education institution located in London, UK. It was founded in 1597 under the will of Sir Thomas Gresham, a financier and merchant who left funds for the establishment of a college in the heart of the city. The college’s original aim was to provide free public lectures in a range of subjects, including law, astronomy, geometry, and music. The lectures were intended to be accessible to anyone who was interested in learning, regardless of their background or social status. Over the centuries, Gresham College has remained true to this mission, and today it continues to offer a range of free public lectures and events that are open to all. |
Volleyball Court Lighting
CLICK ON IMAGE
After athletic arena life safety obligations are met (governed legally by NFPA 70, NFPA 101, NFPA 110, the International Building Code and possibly other state adaptations of those consensus documents incorporated by reference into public safety law) business objective standards come into play. The illumination of the competitive venue itself figures heavily into the quality of digital media visual experience and value.
For almost all athletic facilities, the consensus documents of the Illumination Engineering Society[1], the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers[2][3] provide the first principles for life safety. For business purposes, the documents distributed by the National Collegiate Athletic Association inform the standard of care for individual athletic arenas so that swiftly moving media production companies have some consistency in power sources and illumination as they move from site to site. Sometimes concepts to meet both life safety and business objectives merge.
The NCAA is not a consensus standard developer but it does have a suite of recommended practice documents for lighting the venues for typical competition and competition that is televised.
It welcomes feedback from subject matter experts and front line facility managers.
Our own monthly walk-through of athletic and recreation facility codes and standards workgroup meets monthly. See our CALENDAR for the next online Athletics & Recreation facilities; open to everyone.
University of Florida
Issue: [15-138]*
Category: Electrical, Architectural, Arts & Entertainment Facilities, Athletics
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Jack Janveja
92,003 in attendance.@HuskerVB breaks the world record for the largest crowd ever at a women’s sporting event 👏 @espnW | #ThatsaW pic.twitter.com/ChyhUCvaAZ
— ESPN (@espn) August 31, 2023
This may be the rally of the week and we haven't even made it to Friday yet!#NCAAVB #SCtop10
(via @SFA_Volleyball)pic.twitter.com/2h6OvVB1ty— NCAA Women's Volleyball (@NCAAVolleyball) November 2, 2018
[1] Illumination Engineering Handbook
[2] IEEE 3001.9 Recommended Practice for Design of Power Systems for Supplying Lighting Systems for Commercial & Industrial Facilities
[3] IEEE 3006.1 Power System Reliability
* Issue numbering before 2016 dates back to the original University of Michigan codes and standards advocacy enterprise
Athletic Equipment Safety Standards
“The National Game” | Arthur Streeton (1889)
Recreational sports, athletic competition, and the facilities that support it, are one of the most visible activities in any school, college or university. They have requirements for safety and sustainability at the same scale as the academic and healthcare enterprises. According to IBISWorld Market Research, Sports Stadium Construction was a $6.1 billion market in 2014, Athletic & Sporting Goods Manufacturing was a $9.2 billion market in 2015, with participation in sports increasing 19.3 percent by 2019 — much of that originating in school, college and university sports and recreation programs.
Accordingly, we have been following movement in the standards suites developed by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the American Society of Testing Materials, and the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) We also follow developments in the International Standards Organization’s ISO/TC 83: Sports and other recreational facilities and equipment; a standard suite with the German Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) as the global Secretariat and the American National Standards Institute as the US Technical Advisory Group.
NOCSAE, the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment, is an independent and nonprofit standards development body with the mission to enhance athletic safety through scientific research and the creation of performance standards for athletic equipment. From its mission statement:
NOCSAE is comprised of a board of directors representing stakeholders from a number of groups – including consumer and end users, equipment manufacturers and reconditioners, athletic trainers, coaches, equipment managers, and academic and sports medicine associations. These diverse interests have joined forces in an attempt to arrive at a common goal of reducing sports-related injuries.
The NOCSAE suite of standards follows American due process requirements set by ANSI. Its standards development landing page is linked below where you will find instructions about how to comment on all NOCSAE titles at any time:
#/media/File:Sacred_Heart_goalie_making_save_against_Wagner.jpg)
Wagner College v. Sacred Heart
At the moment, our advocacy resources give priority to athletic facilities (and their integration into #SmartCampus safety and sustainability systems) over athletic products. There is sometimes interaction between the two — artificial turf and protective equipment standards need to support one another; for example. However, our priority lies in persuading the leadership of the education industry get the user-interest (i.e. athletic facility managers) to participate in ANSI standards development processes.
The NOCSAE suite, and all other athletic and recreational product, facility and management standards is on the standing agenda of our periodic Sport colloquia. See our CALENDAR for the next teleconference; open to everyone.
Issue [15-169]
Contact: Mike Anthony, Jack Janveja
Category: Athletics and Recreation
#StandardsMassachusetts
Wood
International Building Code Chapter 23: Wood
“Arbor Day” 1932 | Grant Wood
Building schoolhouses with wood in the United States had significant practical and cultural implications, particularly during the 18th and 19th centuries. Wood was the most readily available and cost-effective material in many parts of the country. Abundant forests provided a plentiful supply, making it the logical choice for construction. The use of wood allowed communities to quickly and efficiently build schoolhouses, which were often the first public buildings erected in a new settlement.
Wooden schoolhouses were emblematic of the pioneering spirit and the value placed on education in early American society. These structures were often simple, reflecting the modest means of rural communities, but they were also durable and could be expanded or repaired as needed. The ease of construction meant that even remote and sparsely populated areas could establish schools, thereby fostering literacy and learning across the nation.
Moreover, wooden schoolhouses became cultural icons, representing the humble beginnings of the American educational system. They were often the center of community life, hosting social and civic events in addition to serving educational purposes. Today, preserved wooden schoolhouses stand as historical landmarks, offering a glimpse into the educational practices and community life of early America. Their construction reflects the resourcefulness and priorities of the early settlers who valued education as a cornerstone of their communities.
Building schoolhouses with wood presents several technical challenges, including durability, fire risk, maintenance, and structural limitations. Here are the key challenges in detail:
- Durability and Weather Resistance:
- Rot and Decay: Wood is susceptible to rot and decay, especially in humid or wet climates. Without proper treatment and maintenance, wooden structures can deteriorate rapidly.
- Pests: Termites and other wood-boring insects can cause significant damage, compromising the integrity of the building.
- Fire Risk:
- Combustibility: Wood is highly flammable, increasing the risk of fire. This was a significant concern in historical and rural settings where firefighting resources were limited.
- Safety Standards: Ensuring that wooden schoolhouses meet modern fire safety standards requires additional measures, such as fire-retardant treatments and the installation of fire suppression systems.
- Maintenance:
- Regular Upkeep: Wooden buildings require frequent maintenance, including painting, sealing, and repairing any damage caused by weather or pests.
- Cost: Ongoing maintenance can be costly and labor-intensive, posing a challenge for communities with limited resources.
- Structural Limitations:
- Load-Bearing Capacity: Wood has limitations in terms of load-bearing capacity compared to materials like steel or concrete. This can restrict the size and design of the schoolhouse.
- Foundation Issues: Wooden structures can experience foundation issues if not properly designed and constructed, leading to uneven settling and potential structural damage.
- Environmental Impact:
- Deforestation: The widespread use of wood for construction can contribute to deforestation, which has environmental consequences. Sustainable sourcing practices are essential to mitigate this impact.
- Insulation and Energy Efficiency:
- Thermal Insulation: Wood provides moderate thermal insulation, but additional materials and techniques are often required to ensure energy efficiency and comfort for students and staff.
Despite these challenges, wooden schoolhouses were popular in the past due to the availability of materials and ease of construction. Addressing these technical challenges requires careful planning, use of modern materials and techniques, and regular maintenance to ensure the longevity and safety of wooden schoolhouses.
Related:
Eurocode 5 (EN 1995): Design of timber structures
Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures
Aggregate Pathways
As cities-within-cities, education communities are a large market for concrete manufacturers and installation contractors. The pathways built from aggregates (“sidewalks”) are central to the function and character of the campus. Construction and maintenance of these pathways — the cost of which depends upon the appropriate specification and application of aggregate technologies — are a significant cost center. They can also present pathway travel hazards and drainage problems.
The application of permeable pavements in recent years has gathered pace. Permeable pavements typically consist of pervious concrete, porous asphalt, or interlocking concrete paver units over an open-graded base or subbase layer(s). Permeable pavements are designed to infiltrate stormwater, reduce peak flows, improve stormwater quality, and promote groundwater recharge. They have become an integral part of low-impact development, sustainable design, green infrastructure, and best management practices for stormwater management. In order to be effective within municipal road networks, permeable pavements must be designed to provide sufficient structural capacity to accommodate the anticipated vehicle loadings while managing stormwater flows into and out of the permeable pavement.
The American Society of Civil Engineers titles are widely referenced in public safety statutes and in construction documents. It maintains public access to its standard development enterprise at the link below:
ASCE Codes & Standards Home Page
Last year we reviewed the redline of its standard for the application of these materials — Standard for Design, Construction and Maintenance of Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements. — most of which dealt with administration, wordsmithing and harmonization with related consensus products. There were no technical changes that we felt were important that were not covered in installation contractor specifications.
Comments are due January 18th.
As of the date of this post two other relevant titles open for consultation:
- Public Comment on Supplement 3 for ASCE/SEI 7-16 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures –
Comment Deadline July 11, 2021. - Public Comment on ASCE/SEI 7-22 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures –
Comment Deadline August 2, 2021.
The titles listed above are not directly related to Aggregate Pathways and very often the same engineering professionals that guide structural concrete best practice are involved in best practice for aggregates in the pathways. Different materials and practice; same engineers. CLICK HERE to key in comments into the ASCE Public Comment facility.
The ASCE catalog is a foundational catalog for all infrastructure in the United States and is continually monitored by our algorithm. We maintain its best practice titles relevant to our industry on the standing agenda of our Pathway and Bucolia teleconferences. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
Issue: [18-51]
Category: Civil Engineering, Bucolia, Pathways, Water
Colleague: Jack Janveja, Jerome Schulte, Patti Spence
More
ASCE/COS 73 Standard Requirements for Sustainable Infrastructure
Purdue University: CE57200 Prestressed Concrete Design
Pennsylvania College of Technology” Concrete Science Technology
Lakeland College: Aggregate Technician Certification
Mechanical 330
During today’s colloquium we audit the literature that sets the standard of care for mechanical engineering design, construction operations and maintenance of campus district energy systems — typically miles (kilometers) of large underground pipes and wires that characterize a district energy system. Topically, Mechanical 400 deals with energy systems “outside” or “between” buildings; whereas Mechanical 200 deals with energy systems within an individual building envelope.
2021 International Mechanical Code
A campus district energy system is a centralized heating and cooling network that supplies thermal energy to multiple buildings within a defined area, such as a college or university campus. The system generates steam, hot water, or chilled water at a central plant, which is then distributed through an underground network of pipes to individual buildings for space heating, domestic hot water, and air conditioning. By consolidating energy production and distribution, campus district energy systems can achieve significant energy and cost savings compared to individual building systems, as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve reliability and resiliency of the energy supply.
We track standards setting in the bibliographies of the following organizations:
AHRI | Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration Institute
ASHRAE | American Society of Heating & Refrigeration Engineers
ASHRAE Guideline 14: Measurement of Energy and Demand Savings
ASHRAE Guideline 22: Instrumentation for Monitoring Central Chilled Water Plant Efficiency
ASME | American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASPE | American Association of Plumbing Engineers
ASTM | American Society for Testing & Materials
AWWA | American Water Works Association
AHRI | Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration Institute
IAPMO | International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
IEC | International Electrotechnical Commission
Institute of Electric and Electronic Engineers
Research on the Implementation Path Analysis of Typical District Energy Internet
Expansion Co-Planning of Integrated Electricity-Heat-Gas Networks in District Energy Systems
Towards a Software Infrastructure for District Energy Management
IMC | International Mechanical Code
IDEA | International District Energy Association
District Energy Best Practices Handbook
District Energy Assessment Tool
IPC | International Plumbing Code
ISEA | International Safety Equipment Association
NFPA | National Fire Protection Association
SMACNA | Sheet Metal Contractors National Association
UL | Underwriters Laboratories
UpTime Institute
(All relevant OSHA Standards)
It is a large domain and virtually none of the organizations listed above deal with district energy systems outside their own (market-making) circle of influence. As best we can we try to pull together the peak priorities for the real asset managers and engineers who are responsible for these system.
* Building services engineers are responsible for the design, installation, operation and monitoring of the technical services in buildings (including mechanical, electrical and public health systems, also known as MEP or HVAC), in order to ensure the safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly operation. Building services engineers work closely with other construction professionals such as architects, structural engineers and quantity surveyors. Building services engineers influence the architectural design of building, in particular facades, in relation to energy efficiency and indoor environment, and can integrate local energy production (e.g. façade-integrated photovoltaics) or community-scale energy facilities (e.g. district heating). Building services engineers therefore play an important role in the design and operation of energy-efficient buildings (including green buildings, passive houses and zero energybuildings. uses. With buildings accounting for about a third of all carbon emissions] and over a half of the global electricity demand, building services engineers play an important role in the move to a low-carbon society, hence mitigate global warming.
More:
Practical Essay on the Stength of Cast Iron and Other Metals Thomas Tredgold (1882)
George Herman Babcock — through his patents of pumps, steam engines, and novel boiler designs with collaborator Stephen Wilcox — raised the standard for safe boiler design & operation.https://t.co/qakAw4jfCn pic.twitter.com/3rCxXHkBfM
— Standards Michigan (@StandardsMich) October 21, 2020
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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