Ædificare & Utilization

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Ædificare & Utilization

May 1, 2025
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United States: Schools of Architecture  | Architectural Billings

The Society for College and University Planning (Ann Arbor, Michigan)

National Center for Education Statistics

The Financial Impact of Architectural Design: Balancing Aesthetics and Budget in Modern Construction

 

Homeschooling

2022 International Existing Building Code 

“Architect at his drawing board” 1893 Teknisk Ukeblad Norway

As reported by the US Department of Commerce Census Bureau the value of construction put in place by April 2023 by the US education industry proceeded at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $110.168 billionThis number does not include renovation for projects under 50,000 square feet and new construction in university-affiliated health care delivery enterprises.   Reports are released two months after calendar month.  The complete report is available at the link below:

MONTHLY CONSTRUCTION SPENDING February 2025 (released two months after calendar month)

This spend makes the US education facilities industry (which includes colleges, universities, technical/vocational and K-12 schools, most university-affiliated medical research and healthcare delivery enterprises, etc.) the largest non-residential building construction market in the United States after commercial property; and fairly close.  For perspective consider total public + private construction ranked according to the tabulation most recently released:

$134.564 billion| Education Facilities

$152.071 billion | Power

$68.783 billion | Healthcare

Keep in mind that inflation figures into the elevated dollar figures.  Overall — including construction, energy, custodial services, furnishings, security. etc., — the non-instructional spend plus the construction spend of the US education facilities is running at a rate of about $300 – $500 billion per year.

LIVE: A selection of construction cameras at  US schools, colleges and universities

We typically pick through the new data set; looking for clues relevant to real asset spend decisions.  Finally, we encourage the education facilities industry to contribute to the accuracy of these monthly reports by responding the US Census Bureau’s data gathering contractors.

Reconstruction of Ancient Agora

 

As surely as people are born, grow wealthy and die with extra cash,

there will be a home for that cash to sustain their memory and to steer

the cultural heritage of the next generation in beautiful settings.

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Question1: What is the business case for expansion of multi-building educational settlements outside the home? Is space use effective?

National Center for Educational Statistics

AIA: Billings Index shows but remains strong May 2022

National Center for Education Statistics

Sightlines: Capital Investment College Facilities

OxBlue: Time-Lapse Construction Cameras for Education

Architectural Billing Index

IBISWorld Education Sector

US Census Bureau Form F-33 Survey of School System Finances

American School & University

Global Consistency in Presenting Construction & Life Cycle Costs

Carnegie Classifications

Eurocodes

May 1, 2025
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CLICK ON IMAGE TO LAUNCH INTERACTIVE MAP

The Eurocodes are ten European standards (EN; harmonised technical rules) specifying how structural design should be conducted within the European Union. These were developed by the European Committee for Standardization upon the request of the European Commission.  The purpose of the Eurocodes is to provide:

  • A means to prove compliance with the requirements for mechanical strength and stability and safety in case of fire established by European Union law.[2]
  • A basis for construction and engineering contract specifications.
  • A framework for creating harmonized technical specifications for building products (CE mark).

Since March 2010 the Eurocodes are mandatory for the specification of European public works and are intended to become the de facto standard for the private sector. The Eurocodes therefore replace the existing national building codes published by national standard bodies, although many countries have had a period of co-existence. Additionally, each country is expected to issue a National Annex to the Eurocodes which will need referencing for a particular country (e.g. The UK National Annex). At present, take-up of Eurocodes is slow on private sector projects and existing national codes are still widely used by engineers.

Eurocodes appear routinely on the standing agendas of several of our daily colloquia, among them the AEDificare, Elevator & Lift and Hello World! colloquia.    See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.


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REGULATION (EU) No 305/2011 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

Building Environment Design

Whole Building Design Guide

May 1, 2025
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“The Ideal City” (c. 1480) / Fra Carnevale

 

The National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) is a non-profit, non-governmental organization bringing together representatives of government, the professions, industry, labor and consumer interests to focus on the identification and resolution of problems and potential problems that hamper the construction of safe, affordable structures for housing, commerce and industry throughout the United States.  The National Institute of Building Sciences was authorized by the U.S. Congress in the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, Public Law 93-383.

As the largest non-residential building construction market in the United States — and one that is largely financed with public money —  the education industry is a major stakeholder in NIBS leading practice discovery and promulgation.  Best practice in education facility construction is informed by best practices in other federal agencies with significant construction spend

We track development and commenting opportunities on NIBS consensus products linked below:

Whole Building Design Guide

National BIM Standard V3

United States National CAD Standard

It is remarkable how much standards action happens in the drearier (boilerplate) — General Conditions — part of a construction contract.  Admittedly, you must have an interest in the fine points of the building construction disciplines.

As of today’s posting we do not find any NIBS titles released for public consultation in the Federal Register.  We do, however, keep NIBS products on our periodic Ædificare c0lloquium; open to everyone.   See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.

Issue: [15-317]

Category: Architectural, Management & Finance

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Richard Robben

Representative School, College & University Construction Contract General Conditions


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2021 NIBS Report to the President of the United States

Monograph: Guide to Architectural Design Phases

American Vitruvius

May 1, 2025
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University of Michigan North Quad

Robert A. M. Stern is an American architect, educator, and author known for his contributions to the field of architecture, urbanism, and design. Stern has been particularly influential in shaping the aesthetics of educational campuses through his architectural practice and academic involvement. Here are some key aspects of his approach to the aesthetics of educational campuses that attract philanthropic legacies:

  1. Pedagogical Ideals:
    • Stern’s designs for educational campuses often reflect his understanding of pedagogical ideals. He considers the spatial organization and layout of buildings in relation to the educational mission of the institution.
    • Spaces are designed to foster a sense of community, encourage interaction, and support the overall educational experience.
  2. Traditional and Classical Influences:
    • Stern is known for his commitment to classical and traditional architectural styles. He often draws inspiration from historical architectural forms and traditional design principles.
    • His work reflects a belief in the enduring value of classical architecture and its ability to create a sense of timelessness and continuity.
  3. Contextual Design:
    • Stern emphasizes the importance of contextual design, taking into consideration the existing architectural context and the cultural or historical characteristics of the surrounding area.
    • When designing educational campuses, he often seeks to integrate new buildings harmoniously into the existing campus fabric.
  4. Attention to Detail:
    • Stern is known for his meticulous attention to detail. His designs often feature carefully crafted elements, including ornamental details, materials, and proportions.
    • This focus on detail contributes to the creation of visually rich and aesthetically pleasing environments.
  5. Adaptation of Historical Forms:
    • While Stern’s work is firmly rooted in traditional and classical architecture, he also demonstrates an ability to adapt historical forms to contemporary needs. His designs often feature a synthesis of timeless architectural elements with modern functionality.

Hammurabi

Group A Model Building Codes

Protected: Runnymede 1215

May 1, 2025
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Ryan Field Stadium $850 Million

May 1, 2025
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Standards Illinois

In 2010 the University of Michigan Football Stadium was the most expensive building project in the United States at $226 million.  Since that time Texas A&M 2015 Kyle Field Renovation cost $485 million and, now Northwestern University’s Ryan Field Expansion will run $850 million, reflecting the need for premium amenities for donors, the requirements of up-to-the moment technology, and the financial stakes in college athletics.

The Most Expensive College Football Stadiums by Total Construction Cost

Related:

LIVE: WNUR 89.3 FM

Evensong “Sicilienne”

Student Visa

 

Endowment Standards

April 30, 2025
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Wealthy benefactors are interested in the effective use of their donations to college and university building projects for several reasons, not solely because they are economical by nature, though frugality may play a role for some.

  • Impact and Legacy: Wealthy donors often want their contributions to make a tangible, lasting impact. Funding buildings—such as libraries, research centers, or student facilities—ensures their name is associated with a prestigious institution and a physical structure that benefits future generations. They seek assurance that funds are used efficiently to maximize this legacy. 
  • Strategic Philanthropy: Many benefactors approach philanthropy like an investment. They want their donations to yield measurable outcomes, such as improved educational facilities, cutting-edge research, or enhanced student experiences. Ensuring effective use aligns with their goal of driving meaningful change rather than wasting resources on mismanaged or low-priority projects. 
  • Tax and Financial Incentives: Donations to universities often come with tax benefits. Donors are motivated to ensure funds are used effectively to justify the financial strategy behind their giving, aligning with their broader wealth management goals. Efficient use also minimizes scrutiny from tax authorities or public perception. 
  • Personal Connection: Many donors are alumni or have personal ties to the institution. They want to give back but expect their contributions to be respected and allocated wisely, reflecting their trust in the university’s stewardship. 
  • Reputation and Influence: High-profile donors often gain social capital and influence through their gifts. A well-executed project enhances their reputation, while a poorly managed one could lead to public criticism. They prioritize effectiveness to protect their image. 
  • Economic Mindset: While not all wealthy individuals are inherently economical, many amassed their wealth through disciplined financial decisions, business acumen, or strategic resource allocation. This mindset carries over to philanthropy, where they apply similar principles to ensure their donations aren’t squandered.

We limit our attention to this topic because de-facto standards do exist and we’ve made it our business to research, understand and convey to others what we have learned in over thirty years of doing this.

College and university endowments that finance building projects are governed by an interlocking network of legal standards, financial regulations, accounting principles, and institutional best practices.  Today at the usual hour we review the broad principles and one or two projects in process and explain how our work can make those projects safer, simpler, lower-cost and longer-lasting.  Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act provides a legal framework adopted by 49 U.S. states (except Pennsylvania) that governs the management, investment, and expenditure of endowment funds for nonprofit institutions, including colleges and universities. It defines an endowment fund as one that, under the terms of a gift instrument, is not wholly expendable on a current basis.

Financial/Government Accounting Standards Board Guidelines.  FASB/GASB  establishes accounting standards for nonprofit organizations, including colleges and universities, under standards like ASU 2016-14 (Topic 958), which addresses the reporting of endowment management fees and financial performance.

NACUBO-Commonfund Study of Endowments

Council for Advancement and Support of Education 

American Council on Education

Plenty for one session.  We cover this topic lightly at other times of the year; typically ahead of quarterly financial reports and school bond elections.  See our CALENDAR.

Introduction to the American Art of Fundraising

The Case Against Income Tax Exemption for Nonprofits

Schenkingen

Educational Settlement Finance

April 30, 2025
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Giovanni Paolo Panini, An architectural capriccio with figures among Roman ruins

The post-pandemic #WiseCampus transformation requires significant capital to meet the sustainability goals of its leadership.  Campuses are cities-within-cities and are, to a fair degree, financed in a similar fashion.  Tax-free bonds are an effective instrument for school districts, colleges and universities — and the host community in which they are nested — for raising capital for infrastructure projects while also providing investors with, say $10,000 to $100,000, to allocate toward a tax-free dividend income stream that produces a return in the range of 2 to 8 percent annually.

An aging population may be receptive to investment opportunities that protect their retirement savings from taxation.

Once a month, we walk through the prospectuses of one or two bond offerings of school districts, colleges and universities and examine offering specifics regarding infrastructure construction, operations and maintenance.  We pay particular attention to details regarding “continuing operations”. Somehow the education industry has to pay for its green agenda.  See our CALENDAR for the next Finance colloquium; open to everyone.

The interactive map provided by Electronic Municipal Market Access identifies state-by-state listings of tax-free bonds that contribute to the construction and operation of education facilities; some of which involved university-affiliated medical research and healthcare delivery enterprises.

CLICK ON IMAGE FOR INTERACTIVE MAP

 

If you need help cutting through this list please feel free to click in any day at 11 AM Eastern time.  Use the login credentials at the upper right of our hope page.  We collaborate with subject matter experts at Municipal Analytics and UBS.

Issue: [Various]

Category: Administration & Management, Finance, #SmartCampus

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, John Kaczor, Liberty Ziegahn

*We see the pandemic as a driver for a step-reduction in cost in all dimensions of education communities.  We coined the term with a hashtag about two years ago.

*College and university infrastructure projects are classified with public school districts under the rubric “municipal bonds” at the moment.  CLICK HERE for more information.

 


More:

Duke Law Review:  Don’t ‘Screw Joe the Plummer’: The Sausage-Making of Financial Reform

An Expanded Study of School Bond Elections in Michigan

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